soil and weathering test

Question 1

Weathering

Answer 1

changes in rock material exposed at surface

Question 2

mechanical weathering

Answer 2

physically changing rock into smaller pieces without changing its composition

Question 3

Chemical weathering

Answer 3

breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition

Question 4

types of mechanical weathering

Answer 4

exfoliation, ice wedging, biological activity, abrasion

Question 5

exfoliation

Answer 5

process where sheets of rock peel or flake away

Question 6

ice wedging or Frost wedging

Answer 6

occurs when water seeps into rocks in freezes

Question 7

biological activity

Answer 7

The activity of organisms that weather away rock

Question 8

abrasion

Answer 8

collision of rock with one resulting in breaking and wearing away

Question 9

types of chemical weathering

Answer 9

hydrolysis, carbonation, oxidation, acid precipitation, plant acids

Question 10

hydrolysis

Answer 10

change in composition of minerals when they react with water

Question 11

carbonation

Answer 11

when some minerals come in contact with carbonic acid they form a new product

Question 12

oxidation

Answer 12

when metallic elements combine with oxygen – rust is one result of oxidation

Question 13

acid precipitation

Answer 13

reacts with minerals

Question 14

plant acids

Answer 14

plants secrete acids that you rode away the rock

Question 15

rate of weathering depends on four things

Answer 15

Rock composition, and now of exposure, climate, topography

Question 16

Rock composition

Answer 16

igneous and metamorphic rocks don’t weather easily sedimentary rocks do

Question 17

amount of exposure

Answer 17

more exposure receives the faster it will weather

Question 18

climate

Answer 18

slow and very hot/very cold climates but fairly rapid and warm, humid climates

Question 19

topography

Answer 19

elevation or slope of surface where rock is located

Question 20

regolith

Answer 20

A layer of weathered rock fragments that covers much of the earth surface

Question 21

soil

Answer 21

part of the regolith that thatsupports plant growth – complex mixture of minerals, water, gases, and remains of plants and animals

essential to life on earth for growth

except for some steep mountain slopes and extremely cold regions, soil is found almost everywhere on earth surface

Question 22

soil composition has four major components

Answer 22

mineral matter, organic matter/humanness, water, air

Question 23

humus

Answer 23

dark organic material and remains of animals and plants

Question 24

soil texture

Answer 24

Texter refers to the proportions of different particle sizes

Question 25

particle sizes

Answer 25

Sand/large size – silt – Clay/small size – loan/a mixture of all three sizes and best suited for plant life

Question 26

factors in soil formation

Answer 26

Parent material, time, climate, organisms, slope

Question 27

Parent material

Answer 27

source of the mineral matter in soil

Question 28

Time

Answer 28

The longer the soil has been forming the thicker if becomes

Question 29

climate

Answer 29

greatest effect on soil formation and warmer temperatures equals faster soil formation but too hot can slow it down again

Question 30

organisms

Answer 30

furnish organic matter to soil and plants are the main source

Question 31

slope

Answer 31

steep slopes often have poorly developed soil's

Question 32

soil profile

Answer 32

A cross-section in which the layers of the soil in bed rock can be seen each layer is called a horizon

Question 33

in fully developed residue soil…

Answer 33

there are multiple horizons | soil that's formed in place

Question 34

horizons

Answer 34

o horizon/organic, thin, contains humus A horizon/topsoil,mixture of decaying organic matter and small rock particles B horizon/subsoil, contains minerals and Clay C horizon/regolith, partially weathered bed rock bed rock/parent material, solid, on whether to rock that lies beneath regolith

Question 35

tropical( wet and warm ) climate

Answer 35

forms laterites ( thick and infertile soil )

Question 36

dessert/dry climate

Answer 36

form saw whales from mechanical weathering – soil is thin and mostly regolith

Question 37

temperate climates

Answer 37

temps range from cold to warm

Question 38

two types of soil that are found depending on amount of rainfall

Answer 38

pedalfer and pedocal

Question 39

pedalfer

Answer 39

soil form if an area receive 65 cm or more of rain per year found in places east of the Mississippi

Question 40

Pedocal

Answer 40

soil formed of rainfall is less than 65 cm a year

Question 41

soil erosion

Answer 41

erosion is the process by which the products of weathering are transported occurs worldwide slow process New soil forms about as fast as the existing soil erodes

Question 42

agents of erosion

Answer 42

gravity, windy, glaciers, precipitation, ocean waves, currents, streams, groundwater

Question 43

unwise use of the land leads to

Answer 43

climatic conditions upset natural balance

Question 44

deposition

Answer 44

process by which sediment are dropped in a new location – occurs after erosion

Question 45

mass movement

Answer 45

The downward movement of rock, regolith and soil due to gravity

Question 46

mass movement is triggered by (as is all types of soil erosion)

Answer 46

saturated surfaces/excess water , steepness of the slopes, removal of vegetation, earthquake

Question 47

rockfall

Answer 47

The fall of rock from a steep cliff – most rapid

Question 48

landslide

Answer 48

sudden movement of masses of a loose rock and soil down the slope of the hill

Question 49

slump

Answer 49

downhill movement of a large block of soil under the influence of gravity

Question 50

mudflow

Answer 50

The rapid movement of a large mass of mud

Question 51

creep

Answer 51

extremely slow downhill movement of unweathered rock material

Question 52

weathering/erosion of mountains

Answer 52

weathering and erosion wear down rugged peaks to rounded peaks and gentle slopes