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running Water Test Flashcards

1
Q

water cycle

A

the unending circulation of earths water supply

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2
Q

The world water budget is in balance because

A

precipitation equals evaporation

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3
Q

local water budgets are

A

not balanced

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4
Q

what use the greatest amount of water

A

agriculture and industry

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5
Q

how much of this water that’s used is return to rivers lakes oceans etc.

A

90%

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6
Q

waste water treatment

A

remove as much suspended solids as possible before the remaining water called effluent is discharged back to the environment

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7
Q

Nonpoint sources of pollution

A

sedimentation and stormwater runoff

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8
Q

River systems

A

watershed, tributaries, divide, headwaters

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9
Q

watershed

A

land from which water runs off into streams – drainage basin

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10
Q

tributaries

A

feeder streams that flow into a main river

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11
Q

divide

A

ridges or elevated regions of higher ground that separate watersheds

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12
Q

headwaters

A

beginning of a stream

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13
Q

drainage patterns

A

water can travel in a variety of patterns – radial, rectangular, trellis, dendritic

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14
Q

Radio

A

streams radiate out words from a central High Point

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15
Q

rectangular

A

shape determined by underlying rocks

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16
Q

trellis

A

streams are parallel with tributaries forming right angles – alternating bands of hard and soft rock

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17
Q

dendritic

A

Waterflow resembles branches on a tree – most common pattern

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18
Q

Channel

A

The path that a stream follows

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19
Q

headword erosion

A

process of lengthening and branching of a stream

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20
Q

Stream piracy

A

The capture of a stream in one watershed by a stream with a higher rate of erosion in another watershed

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21
Q

four things that affect the rate of channel erosion

A

Stream load, velocity, discharge, gradient

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22
Q

Stream load

A

material carried by a stream

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23
Q

dissolved load

A

mineral matter transported in liquid solution

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24
Q

suspended load

A

particles of fine grains and silt suspended in the water

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25
bed load
large, course or sand, gravel, and pebbles that move along the bottom
26
velocity
distance the water travels in a period of time
27
discharge
volume of water moved by a stream within a given time
28
gradient
steepness of a stream slope
29
Stream deposition
as the velocity of a stream decreases, it drops the sediment it was carrying
30
Delta
underwater deposit of sediment at the mouth of a stream into a lake or ocean
31
alluvial fan
fan shaped deposit at the base of a slope on land
32
youthful river
Straight, erodes rapidly, V-shaped, few tributaries, has waterfalls and Rapids
33
mature river
meandering, winding, slow erosion, U-shaped, lots of tributaries, hold lots of water
34
Old River
gradient and velocity decreases, no more erosion, more meandering
35
floodplain
part of the yellow valley floor that maybe covered with water during a flood
36
natural levee
raise Riverbank of that results when a river deposits its load at the rivers edge
37
artificial Levee
earthen mounds built on the banks of a river/can also be made of concrete, sand bags, etc.
38
flood control dams
Store flood water and let it out slowly
39
groundwater
underground water that fills almost all the pores and rock and sediment – makes up 90% of the earths liquid freshwater
40
porosity
refers to the percentage of open spaces in rock or sediment
41
porosity affected by
sorting and way particles are packed together
42
sorting
amount of uniformity in size of particle in a rock or sediment-same size particles equals large porosity – different size particles equals small porosity
43
way particles are packed together
packed loosely equals high porosity - packed tightly equals low porosity
44
permeability
how freely water passes through open spaces in rock or sediment – open spaces must be connected to be permeable
45
impermeable
Rock or sediment that water cannot flow through
46
zone of saturation
layer of groundwater where all pores are full
47
aquifer
body of molten rock through with large amounts of water can flow in much water is stored
48
water table
upper surface of the zone of saturation
49
zone of aeration
zone that lies between water table and surface | -remains the dry except during rainfall
50
well
A hole that is dug below the water table and fills with groundwater
51
cone of depression
cone shaped depression and water table around a well
52
artesian well
well in which water flows freely with no pumping necessary
53
Spring
A small stream of water whose source. is groundwater that has reach the surface
54
Hot spring
Hot groundwater that rises to surface before cooling
55
geysers
Hot springs that he erupt periodically
56
hard water
water that contains large amounts of dissolved minerals has metallic taste, soap won't make suds, damages appliances that use water
57
caverns
large cave with connecting chambers – form due to erosion
58
sinkhole
depression formed when the roof of a cavern collapses
59
stalactite
cone shaped calcite deposit suspended from the ceiling of the cavern
60
stalagmite
cone shaped calcite deposit build up from the ground of a cavern
61
karst topography
characterized by sinkholes, sinkhole ponds, lost rivers and underground drainage
62
sources of pollution
water dumps, underground storage tanks, agriculture and lawn fertilizers, pesticides, leaking sewage
63
saltwater intrusion
The movement of salt water into fresh water aquifers caused by overpumping of wells in coastal areas
64
conservation efforts can include
Monitor levels of water tables, discourage use of excess water, recycle, purifying used water
65
ways to ensure water for future
conserve and desalination which is the removing of salt from the ocean water

Prefix words (13 decks)

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