plate tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

Continental drift

A

The movement of the earths continents relative to each other

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2
Q

when did Alfred Wegener develop his hypothesis

A

1912

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3
Q

evidence of continental drift and plate tectonics

A

The continental puzzle fossils climate geology and sea floor spreading paleomagnetism

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4
Q

Continental puzzle

A

The coastlines of complementary continents match shapes

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5
Q

fossil

A

fossils of the same species are found on matching continents

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6
Q

climate

A

evidence left behind by a shake glaciers indicate areas of common climates

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7
Q

geological

A

matching rock types and mountain ranges on adjoining continents

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8
Q

paleomagnetism

A

The earths magnetic pole shipped every few thousand years and magnetic minerals aligned themselves with the polls and it was discovered after Wegener’s time

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9
Q

sea floor spreading

A

discovered in 1960 by Harry has and gave credibility to Wegner’s hypothesis and reopen the discussion in scientific circles

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10
Q

seven major plates

A

earths surface consists of a number of rigid but moving pieces

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11
Q

theory of plate tectonics

A

earths outer layer is made up of multiple plates that change position

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12
Q

lithosphere

A

The solid portion of the earth broken into plates that mood with respect to one another and it’s made of crust and upper mantle and floats on the atmosphere

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13
Q

oceanic crust

A

made up of a material on the ocean floor

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14
Q

Continental crust

A

made up of the continental landmasses

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15
Q

asthenosphere

A

later with the mantle that the lithospheric plates rest on

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16
Q

mechanisms for plate tectonics

A

convection currents, gravity, earths rotation

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17
Q

main reason Wagner was dismissed

A

he had no propose mechanism of movement

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18
Q

convection current

A

convection is the transfer of heat, hotter material rises displacing cooler material, currents with an Earth’s mantle are created due to convection

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19
Q

Gravity

A

slab pull occurs as the subducting plate sinks below the hot mantle beneath it and cooler material is more dense

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20
Q

Coriolis effect

A

affects water movement

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21
Q

plate boundaries

A

place where one plate is moving relative to another plate and boundaries are also areas of high heat flow, magma moves upward to surface and forms a volcano

22
Q

divergent boundaries

A

places where to lithospheric plates are moving apart and contain mid ocean ridges with deep valleys called rift valleys

23
Q

seafloor spreading

A

occurs when divergent occurs between two oceanic plates and hot magma rises, cools, and builds up the sea floor

24
Q

mid ocean ridge

A

underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics

25
ridge push
The newly cool and material spreads out, pushing the plates further apart
26
ridge push
gravitational force that causes a plate to move away from the crest of an ocean ridge and into a subduction zone
27
rift Valley
The valley between mid ocean ridges
28
converging boundaries
places were to oceanic plates come together
29
oceanic to oceanic crust convergence
One plate is subducted, forms trench, subducted play melts, molten rock rises to surface a long trench, forms island chain called an island arc
30
Continental to oceanic convergence
when an ocean play and continental plate collide, ocean plate slides under continental plate
31
Continental to continental convergence
two continental plates collide, become crumpled and uplifted, for mountain ranges, continental crust resist subduction
32
transform fault boundary's
lithospheric plates are sliding past one another and example is the San Andreas Fault
33
mountains
natural elevations of earths surface that are created through tectonics
34
orogenesis
processes that result in the formation of mountains
35
when rocks undergo stress
they can deform
36
how do rocks deform
it depends on the rocks strength
37
what influences rock Deformation
Rock type, pressure, temperature, time
38
Deformation
changes in the original shape/size of a rock body
39
brittle deformation
Low temperature and low-pressure | fracture once rock strength has exceeded pencil snaps
40
ductile Deformation
high temperature and high pressure, mold rocks, not break them, Clay bends
41
mountains are classified by
The processes that formed them
42
folded mountains are the
most common type and occurred under high temperatures and high pressures "compressional stresses"
43
mountains can be formed when the crust
"folds"
44
types of mountains
folded mountains fault block mountains volcanic mountains
45
fault
Break or crack along which rocks move, it is caused by stress faulted rocks have 2 blocks
46
hanging wall
Block of rock above the fault
47
footwall
Block of rock below fault
48
normal fault
formed when hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall
49
reverse fault
formed when hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall
50
strike-slip fault
rocks on either side of fault are moving past each other