rocks and minerals quiz

Question 1

mineral

Answer 1

artificially occurring substance formed in the earth

Question 2

descriptions of minerals

Answer 2

in organic, solid substance, definite chemical composition

Question 3

crystallization

formed

Answer 3

from magma where minerals form as magma cools

Question 4

precipitation

formed

Answer 4

when the water evaporates some of these substances can react forming minerals and changes in temperature

Question 5

pressure and temperature

formed

Answer 5

added pressure can cause minerals to re-crystallize while still solid

Question 6

hydrothermal solutions

formed

Answer 6

very hot mixture of water and dissolved substances

when these solutions come in contact with the existing minerals, chemical reactions take place

Question 7

minerals are based on

Answer 7

composition

Question 8

how many major groups are there

based on competition

Answer 8

6

Question 9

silicates

Answer 9

all silicates consist of a silicon – oxygen tetrahedron – one silicon Atoms and 4 oxygen atoms

SiO2

Question 10

carbonates

Answer 10

contain carbon, oxygen, and one or more other metallic elements

Question 11

oxides

Answer 11

contain oxygen and one or more other elements that are usually metals – form when existing minerals change in temperature and pressure

Question 12

sulfates and sulfides

Answer 12

contain the element sulfur inform when mineral rich waters evaporate

Question 13

halides

Answer 13

contain a halogen ion plus one or more other elements – forms when salt water evaporates

Question 14

native elements

Answer 14

exist in a pure form such as gold silver and carbon

Question 15

properties of minerals

Answer 15

Color, Luster, Crystal shape, streak test, cleavage, fracture, hardness

Question 16

Color

Answer 16

most easily observed property but it’s the least useful because different minerals have the same color or one mineral can have different colors

Question 17

luster

Answer 17

where mineral shines in reflected light

Question 18

Crystal shape

Answer 18

The shape of the Crystal results from the way Atoms of a mineral come together as the mineral forms

Question 19

streak test

Answer 19

Color of minerals powder form it can be metallic which is dark or nonmetallic which is light

Question 20

cleavage

Answer 20

The splitting of a mineral a long certain flat surfaces such as a plane

Question 21

fracture

Answer 21

The way a mineral tends to break – uneven

Question 22

hardness

Answer 22

resistance to being scratched, MOH hardness scale

Question 23

MOH hardness scale

Answer 23

identify numerically by standard minerals, from one which is the softest to 10 which is the hardest

talc is 1
diamond is 10

Question 24

how many cycles of rocks are there on earth

Answer 24

3 - grouped based on the way they formed

Question 25

Rock

Answer 25

A consolidated mixture of minerals

Question 26

igneous rock

Answer 26

form from magma/lava that cools and hardens – fireformed

Question 27

intrusive igneous rock

Answer 27

from within earth, cool slowly, large crystals

Question 28

extrusive igneous rock

Answer 28

form on earth surface, cool quickly, smaller

Question 29

rocks can be made from the same blank but very in their blank due to blank

Answer 29

minerals textures how they were formed

Question 30

sedimentary rocks

Answer 30

form from the compaction and cementation of various sediments form layers 75% of the earths surface is sedimentary rock

Question 31

how are sedimentary rocks made

Answer 31

mud, sand, gravel, and shells are sediments that make up rocks – sediments are moved by wind and water – compaction which is pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks – cementation which is sediments are joined together or cemented by minerals dissolved in water – this process results in the formation of layers called strata

Question 32

how many types of sedimentary rocks / strata are there

Answer 32

3

Question 33

clastic. sedimentary rock

Answer 33

formed by broken pieces or fragments of rock cemented together example is sandstone/mud rock

Question 34

Chemical. sedimentary rock

Answer 34

formed by chemical reactions and can occur thru evaporation and precipitation of minerals

Question 35

organic. sedimentary rock

Answer 35

form from material that used to be living

Question 36

metamorphic rocks

Answer 36

rocks that have undergone a change due to tremendous heat, pressure, or chemical reaction's

Question 37

foliated texture metamorphic

Answer 37

mineral crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands – flatten under pressure

Question 38

unfoliated texture

Answer 38

does not show banding/ layering

Question 39

Energy that drives the rock cycle igneous and metamorphic

Answer 39

process is driven by heat from the earth interior are responsible for forming both igneous rock and metamorphic rock

Question 40

Energy that drives the rock cycle whethered materials

Answer 40

weathering and the movement of weathered materials are external process powered by energy from the sun

Question 41

Energy that drives the rock cycle sedimentary rocks

Answer 41

external processes/mechanical energy produce sedimentary rocks