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Prefix words > rocks and minerals quiz > Flashcards

rocks and minerals quiz Flashcards

1
Q

mineral

A

artificially occurring substance formed in the earth

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2
Q

descriptions of minerals

A

in organic, solid substance, definite chemical composition

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3
Q

crystallization

formed

A

from magma where minerals form as magma cools

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4
Q

precipitation

formed

A

when the water evaporates some of these substances can react forming minerals and changes in temperature

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5
Q

pressure and temperature

formed

A

added pressure can cause minerals to re-crystallize while still solid

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6
Q

hydrothermal solutions

formed

A

very hot mixture of water and dissolved substances

when these solutions come in contact with the existing minerals, chemical reactions take place

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7
Q

minerals are based on

A

composition

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8
Q

how many major groups are there

based on competition

A

6

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9
Q

silicates

A

all silicates consist of a silicon – oxygen tetrahedron – one silicon Atoms and 4 oxygen atoms

SiO2

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10
Q

carbonates

A

contain carbon, oxygen, and one or more other metallic elements

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11
Q

oxides

A

contain oxygen and one or more other elements that are usually metals – form when existing minerals change in temperature and pressure

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12
Q

sulfates and sulfides

A

contain the element sulfur inform when mineral rich waters evaporate

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13
Q

halides

A

contain a halogen ion plus one or more other elements – forms when salt water evaporates

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14
Q

native elements

A

exist in a pure form such as gold silver and carbon

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15
Q

properties of minerals

A

Color, Luster, Crystal shape, streak test, cleavage, fracture, hardness

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16
Q

Color

A

most easily observed property but it’s the least useful because different minerals have the same color or one mineral can have different colors

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17
Q

luster

A

where mineral shines in reflected light

18
Q

Crystal shape

A

The shape of the Crystal results from the way Atoms of a mineral come together as the mineral forms

19
Q

streak test

A

Color of minerals powder form it can be metallic which is dark or nonmetallic which is light

20
Q

cleavage

A

The splitting of a mineral a long certain flat surfaces such as a plane

21
Q

fracture

A

The way a mineral tends to break – uneven

22
Q

hardness

A

resistance to being scratched, MOH hardness scale

23
Q

MOH hardness scale

A

identify numerically by standard minerals, from one which is the softest to 10 which is the hardest

talc is 1
diamond is 10

24
Q

how many cycles of rocks are there on earth

A

3 - grouped based on the way they formed

25
Q

Rock

A

A consolidated mixture of minerals

26
Q

igneous rock

A

form from magma/lava that cools and hardens – fireformed

27
Q

intrusive igneous rock

A

from within earth, cool slowly, large crystals

28
Q

extrusive igneous rock

A

form on earth surface, cool quickly, smaller

29
Q

rocks can be made from the same blank but very in their blank due to blank

A

minerals
textures
how they were formed

30
Q

sedimentary rocks

A

form from the compaction and cementation of various sediments

form layers

75% of the earths surface is sedimentary rock

31
Q

how are sedimentary rocks made

A

mud, sand, gravel, and shells are sediments that make up rocks – sediments are moved by wind and water – compaction which is pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks – cementation which is sediments are joined together or cemented by minerals dissolved in water – this process results in the formation of layers called strata

32
Q

how many types of sedimentary rocks / strata are there

A

3

33
Q

clastic. sedimentary rock

A

formed by broken pieces or fragments of rock cemented together
example is sandstone/mud rock

34
Q

Chemical. sedimentary rock

A

formed by chemical reactions and can occur thru evaporation and precipitation of minerals

35
Q

organic. sedimentary rock

A

form from material that used to be living

36
Q

metamorphic rocks

A

rocks that have undergone a change due to tremendous heat, pressure, or chemical reaction’s

37
Q

foliated texture

metamorphic

A

mineral crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands – flatten under pressure

38
Q

unfoliated texture

A

does not show banding/ layering

39
Q

Energy that drives the rock cycle

igneous and metamorphic

A

process is driven by heat from the earth interior are responsible for forming both igneous rock and metamorphic rock

40
Q

Energy that drives the rock cycle

whethered materials

A

weathering and the movement of weathered materials are external process powered by energy from the sun

41
Q

Energy that drives the rock cycle

sedimentary rocks

A

external processes/mechanical energy produce sedimentary rocks

Prefix words (13 decks)

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