Soft Tissue Pathologies Flashcards
What is dysfunction?
Loss of normal function of a tissue.
What is joint dysfunction?
Mechanical loss of normal joint play in synovial joints.
What is contracture?
Adaptive shortening of skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule.
What is adhesion?
Abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding structures.
What is reflex muscle guarding?
Prolonged contracture of a muscle in response to painful stimulus.
What is intrinsic muscle spasm?
Prolonged contraction of muscle in response to circulatory and metabolic change.
What is muscle weakness?
Decreased strength of muscle contraction.
What is myofascial compartment syndrome?
Increased interstitial pressure in a closed, nonexpanding, myofascial compartment.
What is fibromyalgia?
A condition that affects women more than men, typically onset in middle adulthood, with pain usually in the scapula, head, neck, chest, and lower back.
What are the characteristics of fibromyalgia?
Pain in muscles, decreased range of motion, postural stresses, tender points at specific sites (18 tender points), no referred pain patterns, no tight band of muscle, fatigue, and waking unrefreshed.
complaints of other systemic issues and significant fluctuation of symptoms
What is myofascial pain syndrome?
A condition characterized by pain in muscles, decreased range of motion, postural stresses, trigger points in muscles, referred patterns of pain, and a tight band of muscle.
What is a trigger point?
A hyperirritable area in a tight band of muscle
What are the types of trigger points?
Active trigger points produce classic pain patterns; latent trigger points are asymptomatic unless palpated.
What are the causes of trigger points?
Chronic overload of muscles, acute overload of muscles, poorly conditioned muscles, postural stresses, and poor body mechanics.
How is myofascial pain managed?
Correct contributing factors of chronic overload of muscle,
eliminate the trigger point
Strengthen the Muscle
What are the signs and symptoms of arthritis?
Impaired mobility (capsular pattern), impaired muscle performance (disuse weakness and reflex inhibition), impaired balance (decreased sensory input from mechanoreceptors and muscle spindle), and limitations of activities of daily living (ADLs) and recreation.
What is osteoporosis?
Decreased mineral content and weakening of bone leads to fractures, typically in the spine, hip, and wrist.
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
Using a T-score from a bone mineral density scan (BMD).
Normal: -1.0 or higher, Osteopenia: -1.0 to -2.4, Osteoporosis: -2.5 or less.
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?
Postmenopausal status, Caucasian/Asian descent, family history, low body weight, low physical activity, diet low in calcium and vitamin D, and smoking.
How is osteoporosis managed?
Weight-bearing exercises (walking, jogging, climbing stairs), non-weight-bearing exercises (biking), resistance exercises targeting major muscle groups, and balance activities.
What precautions should be taken when managing osteoporosis?
Avoid flexion activities (sit-ups, sitting curl machines), avoid combination of flexion and rotation of trunk, and increase progression of resistance carefully.
What are the precautions and contraindications of acute RA?
P:respect fatigue and increased pain
C:do not stretch swollen joints
What are the precautions and contraindications of subacute/chronic RA?
P:joint capsule/ligaments may be weakened by steroid use, stretching /joint mob must be carefully graded
C:vigirourous stretching or manipulation
what are the precautions of OA?
increased pain with resistive exercise
