Modes of Exercise Flashcards
Difference between Open and Closed Chain Exercises
What is Isometric Exercise?
Isometric Exercise (Static Exercise) involves muscle contractions that produce force without appreciable change in length.
What are examples of Isometric Exercise?
Pulling or pushing an immoveable object and maintaining position against the resistance of body weight.
What is the recommended frequency for Repetitive Isometric Contractions?
20 contractions per day, held for 6 seconds against near max contractions.
What is the rationale for using Isometric Exercise?
To minimize muscle atrophy when joint movement is not possible, facilitate muscle firing, develop stability, improve strength, and develop static strength at particular points in ROM.
What is a Muscle Setting Exercise?
Low intensity isometric contractions with little to no resistance that do not increase strength but can retard muscle atrophy and maintain mobility between muscle fibers.
What are Stabilization Exercises?
Exercises used to develop a submaximal but sustained level of co-contraction to improve postural or dynamic stability.
What are Multiple Angle Isometrics?
Resistance is applied at multiple angles within the available range of motion (ROM).
What is the duration of muscle activation in Isometric Exercises?
Muscle activation is typically held for 6-10 seconds.
What is the effect of repetitive contractions in Isometric Exercises?
Repetitive contractions decrease muscle cramping and increase effectiveness.
What is the significance of joint angle and mode specificity in Isometric Exercises?
Physiologic overflow occurs no more than 10 degrees in each direction.
What are sources of resistance in Isometric Exercises?
Manual resistance or pushing against a wall or object.
What precautions should be taken during Isometric Exercises?
Avoid holding breath, as the Valsalva maneuver can cause an increase in blood pressure.
Who should avoid Isometric Exercises?
Patients with cardiac vascular disorders.
What is the difference between Eccentric and Concentric Exercise?
Greater loads can be controlled with eccentric exercise, and training gains in strength and mass are greater with max eccentric training.
What is Constant Resistance in Resistance Exercise?
Dynamic exercise against constant external resistance where the limb moves through ROM against a constant external load.
What is Variable Resistance in Resistance Exercise?
Resistance equipment imposes varying levels of resistance to load the muscles more effectively at multiple points in the ROM.
What is Isokinetic Exercise?
Exercise that provides accommodating resistance at a constant velocity.
What are the advantages of Isokinetic Exercise?
Loads muscle throughout ROM, provides objective measurements, and allows for bilateral comparison.
What are the disadvantages of Isokinetic Exercise?
No functional carryover, potential for injury, and it can be expensive.
What are contraindications to Isokinetics?
Acute rehab, excessive instability of a joint, and relative contraindication for patellofemoral dysfunction.
What is Short Arc Isokinetics?
Progresses from submax to max effort and is best done in the chronic phase of rehab.
What is the Velocity Spectrum Rehab Program?
Used in final stages of rehab when motion is normal and joint is stable, advancing speed up to the highest speed handled by the patient.
What are the limitations in carryover into function for Isokinetic Exercise?
Velocity of limb movement during ADLs and sports exceeds max velocity settings on isokinetic equipment, and functional tasks require multiple muscle groups.
What are the benefits of OKC exercises?
OKC testing and training identifies deficits in specific muscles more effectively than CKC.
Substitution patterns are greater with OKC exercises.
What are the benefits of CKC exercises?
CKC stimulates joint and muscle mechanoreceptors, promoting co-activation of agonists and antagonists, thus enhancing stability.
How do OKC and CKC exercises differ in control of movements?
OKC exercises have a greater level of control with single moving joints than with multiple moving joints.
These are advantages in early stages.
What is joint approximation and how does it differ in OKC and CKC?
Joint approximation occurs in both OKC and CKC. In CKC, it is associated with decreased levels of shear forces at the moving joint.
What is the effect of weight-bearing on joint stability?
In weight-bearing, axial loading is thought to cause an increase in joint congruency, leading to increased stability.
What is the evidence regarding co-contraction in OKC exercises?
Evidence is lacking to show that in some OKC exercises one will get co-contraction.
Example: alternating isometrics and high-speed isokinetics.
Which type of exercise provides greater proprioceptive feedback?
CKC provides greater proprioceptive and kinesthetic feedback than OKC, activating more sensory receptors.
What are contraindications to resistance exercise?
Pain, inflammation, and severe cardiopulmonary disease are contraindications to resistance exercise.
