Connective Tissue Deformation Flashcards
What are the characteristics of low intensity stretching?
Low intensity stretching is more comfortable, minimizes muscle guarding, and increases range of motion without compromising tissue integrity.
What is static stretching?
Static stretching involves elongation just past the point of tissue resistance and holding it in a lengthened position with sustained force.
What is static progressive stretching?
Static progressive stretching is a static stretch that is incrementally lengthened further and held in the new range for an extended period.
What is cyclic (intermittent) stretching?
Cyclic stretching is a short-duration stretch that is repeatedly applied, released, and reapplied, with multiple repetitions during a session.
typically 5-10 seconds a rep
What is ballistic stretching?
Ballistic stretching involves rapid, forceful intermittent stretches (high speed , high intensity) with quick bouncing movements.
thought to cause further trauma and greater muscle soreness
Who should avoid ballistic stretching?
elderly, sedentary individuals, or patients with musculoskeletal pathology or chronic contractures.
What is self-stretching?
Self-stretching is when a patient carries out stretching under careful instruction and supervised practice.
What is mechanical stretching?
Mechanical stretching involves a device applying a very low-intensity force over a prolonged period to achieve permanent deformation.
What is active inhibition?
- Hold - Relax
- Patient performs end range isometric contraction of tight muscle before muscle is passively lengthened
What is autogenic inhibition?
Autogenic inhibition is when contraction of the tight muscle causes reflexive inhibition of that same muscle.
Think hamstrings tight : need to contract hamstrings
What is reciprocal inhibition?
Reciprocal inhibition is when contraction of the antagonist muscle causes reflexive inhibition of the agonist muscle.
think hamstrings tight: contract the quadriceps to stretch the hamstrings
What is the relationship between intensity and duration in stretching?
There is an inverse relationship between intensity and duration, as well as between intensity and frequency.
What is the safest form of stretch?
A low-load (low intensity), long duration stretch is considered the safest form of stretch.
What is the effect of prolonged mechanical stretch in patients?
Prolonged mechanical stretch in patients with contractions yields significant gains in range of motion.
What stretching cycles produce significant gains in range of motion for the elderly?
Stretch cycles of 15, 30, or 60 seconds x 4 reps produce significant gains in range of motion, with >60 seconds providing the longest lasting improvements.
What is the recommended stretching duration for healthy young or middle-aged adults?
For healthy young or middle-aged adults, 15, 30, 45, 60 seconds, or 2 minutes produce significant gains, with 30-60 second cycles for hamstrings x 1 rep daily being better than 15 seconds/1 rep/day.
What is the best result for hamstring stretching?
2 reps of 30 seconds stretch of hamstrings yield the best results.
What is the effect of longer total durations of passive stretch?
Longer total durations of passive stretch yield longer decreases in muscle-tendon stiffness than shorter duration stretches.
What is the recommendation for patients with chronic fibrotic contractures?
Static stretches with splints or casts are more effective for patients with chronic fibrotic contractures.
How often should stretching occur for healthy hypomobile adults?
Stretching needs to occur a minimum of 2 times per week for healthy hypomobile adults, but more frequently with soft tissue pathology.
