Intro to Joint Mob Flashcards
What is elasticity?
ability of soft tissue to return to its pre-stretch length after a short duration stretch.
What is viscoelasticity?
Viscoelasticity is a time-dependent property that allows tissue to change in length and then return to its pre-stretch state.
What is plasticity?
Plasticity is the tendency of soft tissue to assume a new and greater length.
What is strain?
Strain is the amount of displacement a material undergoes when a force is applied.
What is stress?
Stress is the resistance of intermolecular bonds in a substance to a physical deformation by externally applied loads.
defined as force per unit area.
What are the three types of stress?
The three types of stress are: Tension, Compression, and Shear.
What is tension?
Tension is the force applied perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of tissue in a direction away from the tissue (stretching force).
What is compression?
Compression is the force applied perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of tissue in the direction of the tissue. Compression occurs at joints.
What is shear?
Shear is the force applied parallel to the cross-sectional area of tissue.
What is the necking point in the stress-strain curve?
Its when the tissue starts to let you know when you are close to failure point
What occurs in the toe region of the stress-strain curve?
In the toe region, there is very little increase in stress with elongation.
What occurs in the elastic phase of the stress-strain curve?
In the elastic phase, there is an increase in stress, but the tissue returns to its original state.
What occurs in the plastic phase of the stress-strain curve?
In the plastic phase, with added stress, tissues reach their yield point and will not return to their original state.
What is creep?
Creep is when a load is applied over an extended period of time, causing the tissue to elongate and not return to its original state.
What is the best method for increasing tissue length?
A low load, long duration stretch is best for increasing tissue length.
What is cyclic loading?
Cyclic loading refers to repetitive loads at a submaximal level for successive days that can cause damage due to the endurance limit of connective tissue.
What are the effects of immobilization on tissue?
weakening of tissue
new collagen forms,
cross-linking,
leads to disorganization of collagen.
What are the effects of immobility on collagen fibers?
Immobility results in a decrease in the size and amount of collagen fibers, which weakens the tissue.
What are the effects of age on tissue?
Age results in a decrease in maximum tensile strength and elasticity, and adaptation is slower.
What is the treatment plane?
The treatment plane is defined as being perpendicular to a line that runs from the axis of rotation to the middle of the concave articular surface.
What do gliding techniques involve?
applying force parallel to the treatment plane.
What do traction techniques involve?
applying force perpendicular to the treatment plane.
What are the indications for Grades I and II oscillation techniques?
pain relief or reducing muscle guarding.
What are the indications for Grades III and IV oscillation techniques?
increase joint mobility.
What do each sustained grades treat?
Grades 1 and 2 treat pain
grade 3 treats joint play
What impairments can joint mobilization address?
hypomobility
hypermobility
positional faults
decreased nutrition
pain, muscle guarding, or spasm
bony compression.
What are the contraindications for joint mobilization?
hypermobility, joint effusion, and inflammation.
What are the precautions for joint mobilization?
-malignancy
- bone disease
-unhealed fractures -excessive pain
-hypermobility at adjacent joints
-total joint replacements
-weakened connective tissue,
-systemic diseases
-elderly patients.
How should the quality of pain be evaluated during examination?
If pain occurs before tissue limitation, joint mobilization is contraindicated.
If pain occurs concurrently with tissue limitation, proceed with caution.
If pain occurs after tissue limitation, more aggressive treatment can be used.
Capsular Restriction
-firm end feel
-capsular pattern
-decreased joint play
-adhered ligaments that limit motion
subluxation or dislocation
Mechanical Response to Stretch
Tissue will return to its original state if the force applied is not of sufficient intensity or duration to create permanent change
Mechanical Response to Immobilization
- decay of contractile proteins,
- decreases in muscle fiber diameter, number of fibrils, and capillary density, leading to Atrophy
What grade do we use for evaluation?
sustained grade 3
what joint mob should we always do and why?
distraction because it hits all motions
Grade 1
small amplitude , rapid frequency, before tissue resistance
Grade 2
large amplitude , slower before end range
Grade 3
large amplitude , before or up to the end range , slow frequency
Grade 4
small amplitude , at or past end range , slow
What joint mob do you end with ?
the one that you want them to leave with /most limited
Grade 5
High velocity low amplitude
