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OS > Soft Tissue & Myofascial Release > Flashcards

Soft Tissue & Myofascial Release Flashcards

1
Q

stress

A

the force that attempts to deform a connective tissue structure

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2
Q

strain

A

the percentage of deformation of a connective tissue

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3
Q

hysteresis

A

difference between loading & unloading characteristics represents energy lost in connective tissue system

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4
Q

creep

A

connective tissue under a sustained, constant load will elongate (deform) in response to the load

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5
Q

bind

A

palpable restriction of connective tissue mobility (tissue texture change)

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6
Q

ease

A

direction in which the CT may be moved most easily during deformational stretching

palpated as a sense of tissue “looseness” or laxity or greater degree of mobility

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7
Q

fascial continuity

A

fascial restrictions in 1 area of body will create CT restrictions (pulls) at a distance away from site of initial restriction

result: abnormal myofascial & joint mobility

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8
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

strain (deformation) placed on an elastic body is in proportion to stress placed upon it

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9
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bone will develop according to the under stresses placed upon it

connective tissue works around strains

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10
Q

Sherrington’s Law

A

when a muscle (agonist) receives a nerve impulse to contract, its antagonists simultaneously receive an impulse to relax

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11
Q

somatic dysfunction

A

the impaired or altered function of skeletal, arthroidal & myofascial structures & their related vascular, lymphatic & neural elements

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12
Q

direct omt

A

go towards & eventually through restrictive barrier

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13
Q

indirect omt

A

go away from restrictive barrier

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14
Q

soft tissue

A

a system of diagnosis & treatment directed toward tissues other than skeletal or arthrodial elements

direct: facilitates improvement of articular motion

technique types: perpendicular, longitudinal, inhibitory

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15
Q

integrated neuromusculoskeletal release (INR)

A

treatment system in which combined procedures are designed to stretch & reflexively release patterned soft tissue & joint related restrictions

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16
Q

myofascial release (MFR)

A

a form of myofascial treatment that engages continual palpatory feedback to achieve release of myofascial tissues (direct or indirect)

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17
Q

direct MFR

A

identify restrictive barrier in myofascial tissues

engage restrictive barrier w/ a loaded, constant, directional force until tissue releases & motion is restored

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18
Q

indirect MFR

A

tissue position of ease is identified

engage w/ directed pressure & guide tissues along line of least resistance until free movement of all tissues is achieved

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19
Q

Fascia

A

a complete system w/ blood supply, fluid drainage & innervations

composed of irregularly arranged fibrous elements of varying density

involved in tissue protection & healing of surrounding systems

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20
Q

what is NOT fascia?

A

tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis

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21
Q

Fascial Anatomy

A

connective tissue layers are mostly composed of collagen fibers & elastin fibers

contained in amorphous matrix of HYDRATED PROTEOGLYCANS which mechanically link collagen fiber networks in these structures

22
Q

what are the components of fascia?

A

ECM: 95%

cells: 5%

23
Q

the 4 layers of fascia

A

pannicular fascia
axial & appendicular fascia
meningeal fascia
visceral fascia

24
Q

Pannicular Fascia

A

outermost layer of fascia derived from somatic mesenchyme & surrounds entire body (not orifices)…outer layer is adipose & inner layer is membranous/adherent to outer portion

25
Q

Axial & Appendicular Fascia

A

investing layer is internal to pannicular layer & fused to panniculus, surrounds all of muscles & periosteum of bone & peritendon of tendons (continues from head to toe)

what is cut during fasciotomy

26
Q

Meningeal fascia

A

surrounds the nervous system

includes the dura

27
Q

Visceral fascia

A

surrounds the body cavities (pleural, pericardial & peritoneum)

28
Q

importance of fascia

A

provides for mobility & stability of MSK system (elastic & contractile)

helps maintain balance & assists in production/control of motion

29
Q

contractile elements of fascia

A

myofibroblasts

30
Q

healing elements of fascia

A

macrophages & mast cells

31
Q

sensory functions of fascia

A

fascia contains mechanoreceptors-stretch receptors for muscles & proprioceptors (balance)

32
Q

C fibers

A

involved in sensing pain (mechanical, thermal, chemical)

33
Q

Indications for soft tissue

A

diagnostic tool to identify areas of restricted motion, tissue texture changes, & sensitivity

34
Q

outcome of soft tissue technique

A

improve local & systemic immune response

general state of relaxation

enhance circulation to local myofascial structures to get general state of tonic stimulation

35
Q

relative contraindications for soft tissue technique

A

acute injuries (if stretch injured muscle, tendon, ligament or joint capsule)

severe osteoporosis

36
Q

absolute contraindications for soft tissue technique

A 
fracture or dislocation
neurological entrapment syndromes
serious vascular compromise
local malignancy
local infection
bleeding disorders
lack of patient consent
37
Q

indications for MFR/INR

A

somatic dysfunctions (soft tissue or joint restriction)

when muscle energy is contraindicated

when counterstrain may be difficult secondary to patient inability to relax

38
Q

relative contraindications for MFR/INR

A 
infection of soft tissue or bone
fracture, avulsion, or dislocation
metastatic disease
soft tissue injury (hematoma, open wounds)
post op patient w/ wound dehiscence
instability of cervical spine
DVT or anti-coagulation therapy
39
Q

absolute contraindications of MFR/INR

A

absence of somatic dysfunction

lack of patient consent

40
Q

what is the most absolute contraindication?

A

lack of patient consent

41
Q

steps of ST/MFR/INR

A 
setup position
activating force
release enhancing maneuvers
signs of therapeutic response
finishing position
re-evaluation for TART changes in identified region
42
Q

goals of soft tissue (TART)

A

T: stretch & increase elasticity, improve local tissue nutrition & removal of metabolic wastes

A: return symmetry & normalize tone for hypertonic muscles/muscle spasm

R: normalize neurologic activity & improve abnormal somato-somatic & visceral reflexes

T: release fascia to improve myofascial restrictions

43
Q

principles of soft tissue tech

A

pt & physician comfort

initial applied forces are gentle & low amplitude

force applied RHYTHMICALLY for 1-2 seconds

increase amplitude, same rate of application

44
Q

soft tissue stretch

A

parallel traction-increase distance between origin & insertion of muscle

45
Q

soft tissue knead

A

perpendicular traction-repetitive pushing of tissue perpendicular to muscle fibers

46
Q

soft tissue inhibition

A

push & hold perpendicular to fibers @ musculotendinous parts of hypertonic muscle

hold until relaxation of tissue

47
Q

MFR activating forces

A

inherent forces
respiratory cooperation
patient cooperation

48
Q

MFR treatment endpoint

A

continuous application of activating forces no longer produces change

49
Q

MFR springing

A

place hands on dysfunction & apply variable degrees of pressure/frequency of force

causes springing in structure which activates release of tissues

50
Q

4 ways to use respiratory force

A

full cycle of respiratory effort
particular phase of respiration
breath holding
coughing or sniffing

51
Q

INR release enhancing maneuvers

A

to make treatment process more efficient:

breath holding
prone & supine-arm swing
R/L cervical rotation
isometric limb & neck movements
patient evoked movement from cranial nerves
52
Q

document OMT in SOAP note

A

OSE in Objective
Somatic Dysfunctions found in Assessment
OMT performed/recommended in Plan

OS (18 decks)

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