Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Soft tissue knee injuries > Flashcards

Soft tissue knee injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause an extensor mechanism rupture?

A 
Falling onto a flexed knee with the quads in contraction 
Previous tensonitis
Steroid use
Chronic renal failure
Ciprofloxacin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What will an extensor mechanism rupture show upon examination?

A

Unable to straight leg raise

Palpable gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is an extensor mechanism rupture treated?

A

Requires surgical repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can rupture to cause a failure in the extensor mechanism of the knee?

A

Rectus femoris tear
Quadriceps tendon rupture
Patellar fracure
Patellar tendon rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

To distribute load from the convex femoral condyles to relatively flat tibial articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the knee move over the menisci?

A

The knee will pivot n the medial compartment through flexion and extension
Tibia will internally rotate on flexion and externally rotate on extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the different types of meniscal tears?

A

Longitudinal
Bucket handle
Radial
Parrot beak tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do the meniscus tend to tear?

A

Usually sporting injuries in younger patients or getting up from squatting position in younger patients
Can get atraumatic spontaneous degenerate tears in older patients (over 40)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What other ligamentous injury is commonly associated with a meniscal tear?

A

50% of ACL ruptures have a meniscal tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What menisci tears more often?

A

Medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is a meniscal tear investigated?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is a meniscal tear treated?

A

Only peripheral 1/3 has a blood supply
Radial tears wont heal
Consider arthroscopic reapir in acute peripheral tears in younger patients (needs extensive rehab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When should an arthroscopic menisectomy be utilised?

A

Mechanical symptoms (painful catching or locking) for irreparable tears or a failed meniscal repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How will a meniscal tear present in examination?

A

Acute locked knee signified a displaced bucket handle meniscal tear - 15 degree springy block to extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a degenerate meniscal tear?

A

Common, represents 1st stage of OA

Imflammation from inital onset may settle but can be helped with steroid injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What function does the MCL have?

A

Resists valgus stress (bowed)

17
Q

What function does the LCL have?

A

Resists varus stress (knocked)

18
Q

What function does the ACL have?

A

Resists anterior subluxation of the tibia and internal rotation of the tibia in extension

19
Q

What function does the PCL have?

A

Resists posterior subluxation of the tibia i.e. anterior subluxation of the femur and hyperextension of the knee

20
Q

What are the different grades of knee ligament injuries?

A

Grade 1: sprain
Grade 2: partial tear
Grade 3: complete tear

21
Q

What will occur if the MCL ruptures?

A

Valgus instability

22
Q

What will occur if the ACL ruptures?

A

Rotatory instability

23
Q

What will occur if the PCL ruptures?

A

Recurrent hyperextension or instability descending stairs

24
Q

What will occur if the posterolateral corner ruptures?

A

Varus and rotatory instability

25
Q

How is an MCL injury treated?

A

Brace
Early motion
PT
Takes several months

26
Q

How is an ACL repaired?

A

ACL reconstruction using autograft (hamstring or patellar tendion) or allograft (cadaveric achilles)

27
Q

What sports are ACL ruptures common?

A

Football
Rugby
Skiing

28
Q

What is the rule of thirds regarding ACL?

A

1/3 compensate
1/3 can avoid instability by avoiding certain activities
1/3 do not compensate and have frequent instability or can’t get back to high impact sport

29
Q

When is surgery needed in ACL rupture?

A 
Rotatory instability not responding to PT
Protect meniscal repair
Rapid return to professional sport
Adolescent or YA
Keen on high impact sport
Part of multiligament reconstruction
30
Q

What will ACL reconstruction not do?

A

Treat pain

Prevent arthritis

31
Q

How will the LCL be injured?

A

When the leg is in varus and hyperextended

32
Q

What other ligamentous injuries commonly occur with an LCL rupture?

A

PCL and ACL injury

33
Q

How can the PCL rupture?

A

Direct blow to the anteiror tibia or hyperextension of the knee
Causes popliteal knee pain and brusing

34
Q

What can occur with a knee dislocation?

A

Popliteal artery injury
Nerve - common fibular nerve
Compartment syndrome

35
Q

How is a knee dislocation treated?

A

Emergency relocation
Check neurovascular status
Ex-fix for temporary stabilisation
Multi-ligament reconstruction

36
Q

How can the patella dislocate?

A

Rapid turn or direct blow

Increased incidence in females - lihamentous laxity. valgus knee

37
Q

Relate mechanism of injury to soft tissue damage

A 
Valgus - MCL
Twisting - ACL/ meniscal
Varus - LCL
Dashboard/hyperextension - PCL 
Getting up from squatting - meniscal
38
Q

Classic history for ACL tear

A

Football injury, twist, pop, haemathorosis, generalised pain, pain settles after a few days
Rotatory instsability

39
Q

Classic history for meniscal tear

A

Getting up from squatting, sudden sharp pain at the medial joint line
Effusion
Reccurent medial pain and catching +/- lockking

MSK (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions