Common Dislocations Flashcards
What is important in the history taking of dislocations?
TRAUMA: falls, RTA, sports injuries, seizures
What type of examination should be done in dislocations?
Inspection: deformity
Palpation: vascular supply, neurology - must be examined and documented before intervention
What is the common mechanism of injury that leads to a shoulder dislocation?
Fall with the shoulder in external rotation - anterior
Fall with the shoulder in internal rotation or direct blow to the shoulder - posterior
Arm held in abduction - inferior
How can a shoulder dislocate?
Anteiror - common
Posterior
Inferior - RARE
Who is likely to get a shoulder dislocation?
Common in young adults
What neurological assessment needs to be done in anterior dislocations?
Regimental badge area sensory assessment - axillary nerve
What neurological disorder are posterior dislocations associated with?
Seizure
What is the cardinal sign of a posterior dislocation on x-ray?
Light bulb sign
How is a shoulder dislocations managed?
Closed reduction under stabilisation
Open reduction
Stabilistaion and rehabilitation
What is the type of reduction method used in closed shoulder reductions?
Hippocratic, in-line traction
What directions can an elbow dislocate?
Posterior
Anterior
Divergent
Medial/ lateral
What are the associated fracture risks with elbow dislocations?
Radial head or coronoid process
What structures are at risk with an elbow dislocation?
Anteriorly: brachial artery and median nerve
Posteriorly: radial nerve
How can neurovascular status be assessed in children?
Make an OK sign: median nerve
Point - motor of radial
Starfish - ulnar
How can an elbow dislocation be managed?
Closed reduction under sedation
Open reduction is rarely needed
2 weeks in a sling and rehab
What are the different reduction methods utilised in elbow dislocations?
Traction in extension +/- pressure over the olecranon