Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Osteoarthritis, crystal arthritis and soft tissue rheumatism > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis, crystal arthritis and soft tissue rheumatism Flashcards

1
Q

What is oseoarthritis?

A

Articular cartilage thinning or loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some risk factors for cartilage loss?

A 
Age
Female
Obesity
Previous injury
Muscle weakness
Acromegaly
Joint inflammation 
Crystal deposition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an osteophyte?

A

A bony projection associated with the degeneration of cartilage at joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different types of oestoarthritis?

A

Idiopathic

Secondary: previous injry, calcium crystal deposition, rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What joints are likely to be affected by osteoarthritis?

A

Weight bearing joints: hips, knees, lumbar spie

Joints used alot: cervical spine, thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How will osteoarthritis present?

A

Pain - typically worse on activity and relived by rest. May progress to be present with less activity and at rest/night
Stiffness - morning stiffness that lasts less than 30mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can be seen on examintation of oestoarthritis?

A

Crepitus
Joint swelling
Joint tenderness
Joint effusion - late presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where can oesoarthritis affect in the hands?

A

DIP, PIP and 1st CMC joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is heberdens nodes?

A

DIP bony enlargements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bouchards nodes?

A

PIP bony enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can occur in oesteoarthritis of the knee?

A 
Oseophytes
Effusions 
Crepitus
Restriction of movement
Genu varus and valgus 
Bakers cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where can pain be felt in hip osteoarthritis?

A

Groin or referered to knee or lower back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effect will oestoearthritis of the cervical spine have?

A

Pain and restiction of neck movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effects can spinal osteophytes have?

A

Spinal stenosis

Pinching of nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the radiological findings of osteoarthritis?

A 
LOSS
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What grading scale is used for oestoarthritis?

A

Grade 0: no radiographic findings of osteoarthritis

Grade 4: definite osteophytes with severe joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is osteosclerosis?

A

Abnormal hardening of bone and elevation of bone density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the non-pharma managements of osteoarthritis?

A

Explanation
Physiotherapy to strengthen muscles
Common sense measures; weight loss, exercise, trainers, walking stick, insoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the pharma managements of oesteoarthritis?

A

Analgeisa; paracetamol, topical analgesia
NSAIDs. topical or systemic
Pain modulators; tricyclics e.g. amitryptiline, anti-convulsants e.g. gabapentin
Intra-articular; steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the surgical managements of osteoarthritis?

A

Joint replacement is the onyl definitve treatment for osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is gout?

A

Inflammation in the joint triggered by uric acid crystals

22
Q

What levels of uric acid in the blood cause gout?

A

> 0.42 mmol/l is considered hyperuricaemia

23
Q

What can cause an increased urate production?

A 
Inherited enzyme defects
Psoriasis
Haemolytic disorders
Alcohol (beer/ spirits)
High dietary purine intake
24
Q

What can cause reduced urate excretion?

A 
Chronic renal impairement
Volume depletion e.g. heart fialure 
Hypothyrodism
Diuretics
Cytotoxics e.g. cyclosporin
25
Q

How long does it tend to take acute gout to settle?

A

10 days without treatment

3 days with treatment

26
Q

What is chronic tophaceous gout?

A

Chronic joint inflammation
Often diuretic associated
High serum uric acid

27
Q

What investigations are done for gout?

A

Raised inflammatory markers
Serum uric acid rasied
Synoival fluid aspiration
Renal impairement

28
Q

What will synovial fluid aspiration show?

A

Polarising microscopy shows needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals

29
Q

How is actue gout treated?

A

NSAIDs
Colchicine
Steroids

30
Q

What is the prophylaxis for gout?

A

Allopurinol 2/4 weeks after actute attck

31
Q

Where will calcium pyrophosphate affect?

A

Fibrocartilgae; knees, wrists and ankles

32
Q

What are the two different types of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease?

A

Calcium pyrophosphate

Calcium hydroxyappatite crystal

33
Q

What is the more common name for calcium pyrophosphate deposion disease?

A

Pseudogout

34
Q

What do CPPD crystals look like?

A

Rhomboid shaped with a mild positve birefringent

35
Q

How is pseudogout treated?

A

NSAIDs
Colchicine
Steroids
Rehydration

36
Q

Where will hydroxyapatite crystals gather?

A

In or around the joint

37
Q

Who will hydroxyapatite affect?

A

Females 50/60s

38
Q

What is the treatment for hydroxyapatite?

A

NSAIDs
Intra-articular steroid injection
Physio
Partial or total arthroplasty

39
Q

What is soft tissue rheumatism?

A

General term to describe pain that is caused by inflammation/damage to ligaments, tendons, muscles or nerves near a joint

40
Q

What type of pain will soft tissue rheumatism cause?

A

Confined to a specific site; shoulder, wrist

41
Q

What should be in the differential of muscular neck pain?

A

OA of cervical spine

Occipital migrane

42
Q

What can cause shoulder pain?

A 
Adhesive capsulitis
Rotator cuff tendonitis
Calcific tendonitis
Impingement
Partial rotator cuff tears
Full rotator cuff tears
43
Q

What is golf elbow?

A

Medial epicondylitis

44
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondlylitis

45
Q

What can cause pain in the wrist?

A

De-quervains tenosynovitis

46
Q

What can cause pelvic pain?

A

Trochanteic, iliopsoas and ichiogluteal bursitis and stress enthesopathies

47
Q

What can cause foot pain?

A

Plantar fascitiis

48
Q

How is soft tissue rheumatism investigated?

A

X-ray - calcific tendonitis

MRI if fails to settle

49
Q

How is soft tissue rheumatism treated?

A 
Pain control
Rest and ice
PT
Steroid injections
Surgery
50
Q

What rare conditions can cause joint hypermobility?

A

Marfan’s syndrome

Ehlers danlos syndrome

51
Q

What is included in the modified beighton score?

A 
>10 degrees hyperextension of elbows
Passively touch forearm with thumb
Passive extension of fingers 
Knees hyperextension over 10 degrees
Touching floor with palms when knees straight
52
Q

What score do you need to get in the modified beighton score to be diagned with hypermobility?

A

A score of 4

MSK (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions