Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Muscle Disease > Flashcards

Muscle Disease Flashcards

1
Q

How do muscle diseases present?

A 
Muscle pain (myalgia) 
Muscle weakness/ tiredness
Stiffness
Abnormal blood tests
Other features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is likely to get polymositis and dermatomyositis?

A

Prevalence is 1/100,000
Female to male ratio is 2:1
Peak incidence is 40-50s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What will polymyositis look like histologically?

A

Muscle fibre necrosis, degenration and regeneration

Inflammataory cell infiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the clinical features of polymyositis/ dermatomyositis?

A

Muscle weakness- insidious onset, worsening over months, usually symmetrical and affects proximal muscles
Will have specific problems e.g. brushing hair, climbing stairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cutaneous signs are associated with dermatomyositis?

A

Gottrons sign
Helitrope rash
Shawl sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can polymyositis/ dermatomyositis affect the lungs?

A

ILD

Resp muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can polymyositis/ dermatomyositis affect the oesophagus?

A

Dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can polymyositis/ dermatomyositis affect the heart?

A

Myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What other systemic conditions can polymyositis/ dermatomyositis cause?

A

Fever
Weight loss
Raynauds phenomenon
Non-erosive polyarthrtitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the link between polymyositis/ dermatomyositis and malignancy?

A

15% incidence in dermatomyositis, 9% in polymyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What malignancies will polymyositis/ dermatomyositis cause?

A 
Ovarian
Breast
Stomach
Lung
Bladder
Colon cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who is at the highest risk of polymyositis/ dermatomyositis related malignancy?

A

Men over 65 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can a diagnosis of polymyositis/ dermatomyositis be determined from the history?

A

PS: tired muscles, functional difficulty, muscle pain
PMX: DM, thyroid disease
Drugs: steroids, statins
Social: alcohol, illicit drug use
Systemic Enquiry: WL, cough, SOB, rayanauds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What tests can be performed in an examination of polymyositis/ dermatomyositis?

A

Confrontational testing - direct testing of power

Isotonic testing - 30 second sit to stand test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What blood tests should be taken in the diagnosis of polymyositis/ dermatomyositis?

A

Muscle enzymes - CK
Inflammatory markers
Electrolytes, calcium, PTH, TSH
Autoantibodies: ANA, Anti-Jo-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What will an electromyography show in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis?

A

Increased fibrilations, abnormal motor potentials, complex repetitive discharges

17
Q

What will muscle biopsy show in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis?

A

Perivascular inflammation

Muscle necrosis

18
Q

What will an MRI show in polymyositis/ dermatomyositis?

A

Muscle inflammation
Oedema
Fibrosis
Calcification

19
Q

How is polymyositis/ dermatomyositis treated?

A 
Glucocorticoids
Azathioprine
Methotrexate
Ciclosporin
IV immunoglobulin
Rituximab
20
Q

Who will polymyalgia rheumatica affect?

A

Those over 50

Higher in northern regions

21
Q

What vasculitis disease is PR associated with?

A

Temoral arteritis

22
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of PR?

A 
Ache in shoulder and hip girldle
Morning stiffness
Symmetrical 
Fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, fever 
Reduced movement 
NORMAL muslce strength
23
Q

How is PR diagnosed?

A

Exclude other diagnosis
Raised ESR, PV and CRP
Temporal artery biopsy

24
Q

How is PR treated?

A

Rapid and dramatic response to low dose steroids

If GCA present, higher steroid dose needed

25
Q

What is fibromyalgia?

A

Chronic msk pain that is not associated with inflammation

26
Q

Who is likely to be affected by fibromyalgia?

A

Commonest cause of msk pain in women 22-50
Commoner in women (6:1)
Can begin after emotional or physical trauma

27
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia?

A

Pain in neck, shoulders, lower back and chest wall
Worse with exertion, fatigue and stress
Sensation of swelling
Fatigue and poor sleep

28
Q

What other extra-articular conditions is fibromyalgia associated with?

A 
Pins and needles
Headaches
Depression
IBS
Poor concentration and memory
29
Q

What are the clinical findings of fibromyalgia on examination?

A

Excessive tenderness on palpation of soft tissues

11/18 tender points

30
Q

What is the criterea for diagnosis of fibromyalgia?

A

Widespread pain with associated symtoms (unrefreshed sleep, cognitive symptoms, fatigue)
Symptoms present for more than 3months
No other condition explains pain - disease of exclusion

31
Q

How is fibroyalgia treated?

A 
Patient education 
MDT response
CBT
Acupuncture
Atypical analgesics - anti-depressants, gabapentin and pregabalin

MSK (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions