soft tissue and trauma Flashcards
What is soft tissue?
connects, supports, and surrounds structures and organs (not bone).
Soft tissue is made up of?
Ligaments, tendons, skin, fascia, fibrous tissue, fat, connective tissue, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
Ligament
bone to bone
Tendon
Muscle to bone
Skin surrounds?
Outer part of body
muscle=
movement/produce heat
Soft tissue injury=
injury to soft tissue
5 signs of inflammation:
redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
Contusion:
=Bruise
- caused by sudden blow to the body
-not penetrate skin, injury to blood vessels
Symptoms of contusion
swelling, pain, point tenderness, redness, warmth, ecchymosis, loss of function
treatment for contusion:
PRICE:
P- Protection
R- Rest
I- Ice
C- Compression
E- Elevation
sTrain
stretch or tear in muscle/tendon
-caused by excessive muscle contraction or direct blow to body
Sites of sTrains
Hamstrings, Quads, Lats. Hip flexors
Signs and Symptoms of sTrain
local swelling, cramping, inflammation, Loss of Function, pain, general weakness, discoloration
Degree of sTrain
grade 1: Stretched; some pain/tenderness with movement
grade 2: partial tear; extremely painful
grade 3: complete rupture; total loss of movement
Treatment for sTrain
PRICE; ibuprofen, if severe: hard cast/surgery
prevention for sTrain
proper warm-up, regular weight training, stretching, proper mechanics, hydration, cool-down
Sprain
LIGAMENT
-caused by falling, twisting, direct blow
common sights of sprain
ankle, wrist, knee
signs and symptoms of sprain
pain, swelling, heat, redness, bruising, stiffness, may hear a pop at time of injury
Severity of Sprain
1st degree: stretched not torn; little loss of function and pain
2nd degree: partial tear; extremely painful
3rd degree: ligament torn; total loss of movement
Treatment for sprain
PRICE, surgery (depending on ligament), ibuprofen
prevention for sprain
balance training, taping and bracing joint, strengthening muscles, flexibility, proper nutrition and hydration
Shin Splints
inflammation of connective tissue surrounding tibia
symptoms of shin splints
soreness on inner part of lower leg, mild swelling
treatment (shin splints)
Rest, Ice, Pain relievers
prevention (Shin Splints)
chose right shoes, cross train, warm up before workout, strength training
Tennis Elbow
condition when tendons in elbow overwork by repetitive movements of wrist and arm
Tennis elbow Medical term?
Lateral Epicondylitis
symptoms (tennis elbow)
pain radiating in pinky/ring finger, tenderness, weakness
Treatment (tennis elbow)
rest, ice, anti-inflammatory
prevention (tennis elbow)
stretch arm muscles, strengthen arm muscles, wear brace, proper technique
Tendonitis
inflammation of tendon
- caused by repetition of movement
symptoms of tendonitis
pain, swelling, hot, red, lump, feeling of grating as it moves
treatment (tendonitis)
rest, ice, over-counter pain relievers, cortisone injection, surgery
prevention (tendonitis)
avoid stress activites, strength exercises, stretch, cross training, proper techniques
MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)
-Bacteria found on skin
-resistant to antibiotics
-may spread
tetanus
-bacterial infection
- causes fever and convulsions (muscle spasms)
Signs of infection
Pain, heat, redness, swelling, pus may form, fever
- treated by antibiotics
5 types of skin wounds
Abrasions, laceration, incision, puncture, avulsion
Abrasion
skin is scraped against surface, top layer is worn away
- prone to infection
laceration
sharp/pointed object tears tissues
- JAGGED or Rough cut
incision
smooth edge, occurs over sharp bone
puncture
object penetrates into skin
avulsion
skin is torn away and usually major bleeding
Immediate care:
Clean with soap and water initally
What types of wounds may require sutures or stitches
lacerations, incisions, punctures, and avulsions
What is a wound?
trauma to tissues causing breaking in that tissue
Stages of healing?
acute- protection phase
sub-acute- repair phase
late stage- remodeling phase
chronic phase: ongoing repair and remodeling phase
acute phase
inital injury- 72 hours
-treat through price
-body protects in this phase
sub-acute phase
72-6 weeks
-body lays down new tissue
-treat through: ice (swelling), heat (no swelling), message, e-stim, brace/tape, stretch & strengthen
Late phase
6 weeks- 3 months
- new tissue become stronger
- treat same as sub-actue
chronic phase
3+ months
- back to game-like acitivties, more strengthening
When to use ice?
first 72 hrs
if: SWOLLEN, RED, HOT
When to use Heat?
after 72 hrs
if: NO SWELLING, RED, HEAT
