Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sports Medicine > final study guide > Flashcards

final study guide Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

sagittal plane

A

plane that divides body into left and right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

frontal/coronal plane

A

divides the body into front and back sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into top and bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anatomical position

A

standing upright with palms facing forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

anterior and posterior

A

anterior: front of body
posterior: back of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abdution and Adduction

A

Abduction: away from midline
Adduction: towards midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Superficial and Deep

A

Superficial: on surface of body
Deep: away from surface of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Apex and Base

A

Apex: tip of an organ
Base: bottom/lower part of organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prone and Supine

A

Prone: On stomach, face down
Supine: on back, face up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

flexion and extension

A

flexion: to bend
extension: to straighten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pronation and supination

A

pronation: turn palm down
supination: palm facing up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inversion and Eversion

A

Inversion: turning inward (pigeon toed)
Eversion: turning outward (duck feet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Internal and External rotation

A

internal rotation: turning body part inward
External rotation: turning part outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Horizontal Abduction and Adduction

A

arms straight out: clapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Plantarflexion and dorisflexion

A

plantarflexion: pointing toes
dorisflexion: bringing toes up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

functions of skeletal system?

A

support soft tissue, protect internal organs, movement of limbs, storage of minerals/blood cells, forms blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of bones?

A

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Long bones

A

longer than wide- humerus, tibia (arms/legs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Short bones

A

wide as they are tall- carpals and tarsals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

flat bones

A

protection- skull, ribs, clavicle, sternum, scapula, and pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

irregular bones

A

vertebrae, sacrum: Make up spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sesamoid bones

A

bones in tendons- patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

projection and depressions

A

projections: attachment sites for muscles

depressions: allow blood vessels and nerves to pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

periosteum

A

tissue surrounding the diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth, protects bone, no blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

medullary cavity

A

space in bone containing bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ossification

A

process of making new bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

osteoBlast

A

cells the BUILD bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

osteoClast

A

cells that crush bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

axial skeleton

A

protection- skull, spine, rib cage, sternum, pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

appendages- arms/legs, shoulder/pelvic girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what makes up the Shoulder girdle?

A

sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process) , humerus, scapula, clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral are shoulder girdle what?

A

shoulder girdle joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

forearm bones

A

radius (thumb side) and ulna (pinky side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hand bones

A

carpals (short bones), metacarpals, and phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

elbow motions

A

flexion/extension, pronation/supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

elbow motions

A

flexion/extension, pronation/supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

wrist motions

A

flexion/extension, radial/ulnar radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

lower extremeity bones:

A

appendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

hips and pelvis

A

Ischium (sit down bones), illium, femur, illiac crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

hip motions:

A

flexion/extension, internal/external rotation, ab/adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

knee:

A

femur makes up hip and knee, patella,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

foot:

A

calcaneus (heel bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Tarsal and metatarsal

A

tarsal- ankle bones (calcaneus)

metatarsals: arch of foot

Phalanges: toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

foot movements

A

flexion/extension, ankle inversion/eversion, plantar flexion/ dorisflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Spine numbers (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar):

A

cervical: 7 vertebrae, thoracic: 12 vertebrae, lumbar: 5 vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

C1: atlas
C2: axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

parts of spine:

A

vertebra, disc, facet joints, spinal cord, nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

movable vs inmovable joints

A

movable: allow range of movement
immovable: little to no movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Ribs:

A

true ribs: attach to sternum in front (7)
false ribs: don’t directly attach to sternum (8-10)
Floating ribs: no attachment to sternum at all (11-12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Spinal cord:

A

sends motor signals down from brain, send sensory signals to brain, reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

movements of spine

A

flexion/extension, rotation, side bending (lateral flexion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Bone fractures:

A

break in bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

direct vs indirect trauma:

A

direct: at site where force was applied

indirect: farther from where force was applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Closed (simple) fracture

A

break in bone from force, no break in skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

open (compound) fracture

A

bone breaks completely, break in skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

spiral fracture:

A

caused by sudden rotation in opposite direction- S-shaped separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

greenstick fracture

A

incomplete break- occurs in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

impacted fracture

A

tissue becomes compressed: fall from height- splint immediately

60
Q

longitudinal fracture

A

bone splits along length- jumping form height

61
Q

oblique fracture

A

one end of bone twists while other is stable

62
Q

transverse fracture

A

straight line break from direct hit from outside

63
Q

comminuted fracture

A

broken bone shattered into 3+ pieces

64
Q

blowout fracture

A

blow to the eye

65
Q

avulsion fracture

A

bone separates from attachment of ligament/tendon

66
Q

stress fracture

A

small incomplete break caused by more stress than body can handle

67
Q

signs and symptoms of fracture

A

swelling, deformity, pain and tenderness, discoloration, loss of function

68
Q

Treatment for fracture

A

internal fixation: surgery

External fixation: cast, brace, etc

remodeling: absorbing and replacing bone

69
Q

subluxation and dislocation

A

subluxation: bone displaces than returns to normal

dislocation: force displaces so bone and joint no longer add up

70
Q

4 types of tissue

A

epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective

71
Q

epithelial tissue:

A

lines organs, vessels, and cavities

72
Q

nervous tissue:

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves
-controls functions

73
Q

connective tissue:

A

adipose (fat), skin, blood, or cartilage

Tendon: connects muscle to bone

Ligament: connects bone to bone

74
Q

muscles are made up of?

A

PROTEIN AND WATER

75
Q

FUNCTIONS of Muscular system

A

produce movement, produce heat, maintain posture, stabilize joints, support soft tissue, guard entrances and exits

76
Q

types of muscle

A

cardiac: found in heart; involuntary and striated

smooth: found in blood vessels and hallow organs; involuntary and unstriated

skeletal: surrounding skeleton; voluntary and striated

77
Q

3 parts of connective tissue

A

epimysium: outer layer of muscle

perimysium: layer surrounding bundle of muscle fibers

endomysium: inner layer surrounding each muscle fiber

78
Q

What is muscle fiber made up of?

A

thick/thin filaments, actin and myosin

79
Q

Muscles always work in and attach

A

pairs, origin and insertion

80
Q

agonist/ antagonist

A

agonist: responsible for movement
antagonist: resists the movement

81
Q

flexor/ Synergist

A

Flexor: Stabilize
Synergist: help do same movement

82
Q

twitch/ tetanus

A

Twitch: single contraction
Tetanus: contraction followed by another

83
Q

muscle named based on:

A

shape, size, muscle fiber direction, action, # of origins, origins and insertions, functions, and location

84
Q

4 types of soreness

A

Muscle strains: overstretch/tear of muscle or tendon
Muscle spasm: contraction of muscle
DOMS: Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (feeling after workout)
Lactic Acid: Burning feeling (by-product of muscle metabolism)

85
Q

When is DOMS felt?

A

24-72 hours after workout

86
Q

Muscle Contractions:

A

Isotonic, Isometric, Isokinetic

87
Q

Isotonic

A

Change in length and speed, resistance is constant
- bicep curl, squats

88
Q

Isometric

A

muscle contracts & no change length
-plank

89
Q

isokinetic

A

contracts and shortens at constant speed, change in resistance
-NEED machine (treadmill)

90
Q

muscle fibers:

A

type 1: slow twitch: endurance
type 2: fast twitch: strength & power

91
Q

anerobic vs aerobic respiration

A

anerobic: strength exercises: without air
aerobic: long duration (cross country): with air

92
Q

Types of Stretches:

A

Dynamic: Before exercise (movement stretch)
Static: After exercise (holding)
Ballistic: bouncing stretch (never do)
PNF: done with partner before/after activity

93
Q

Soft tissue

A

tissue that connects, supports, and surrounds structures and organs (not bone)

94
Q

skin is

A

outer covering of body

95
Q

5 signs of inflammation:

A

redness, swelling, pain, heat, loss of function

96
Q

Contusion (bruise):

A

sudden blow to the body, injures blood vessels.

3 degrees are: superficial, deep, and hemorrhage

97
Q

symptoms and treatment for contusion

A

symptoms: swelling, point tenderness, redness, warmth, ecchymosis, loss of function

treatment: PRICE

98
Q

Strain vs Sprain

A

Strain: stretch/tear in tendon/muscle

Sprain: stretch in ligament

99
Q

degree of strain and degree of sprain

A

Strain: grade1- stretched
grade 2- partial tear (most painful)
grade 3- complete tear

Sprain: 1st degree- stretched
2nd degree- partial tear (most painful)
3rd degree- complete rupture

100
Q

Symptoms of sTrain

A

local swelling, cramping inflammation, Loss of function, pain, general weakness, discoloration

Treatment: PRICE, hard cast, ibuprofen

101
Q

symptoms of Sprain

A

pain, swelling, bruising, redness, heat

treatment: PRICE

102
Q

Shin splints:

A

inflammation of connective tissue in tibia.

symptoms: soreness and mild swelling in inner part of lower le

treatment: rest, ice, pain relivers

prevention: wear right shoes, cross train, warm up

103
Q

Tennis Elbow (lateral epicondylitis)

A

overwork of tendons in elbow caused by repetitive movements

symptoms: pain going to pinky, tenderness, weakness

treatment: rest, ice,

prevention: stretch arm muscles, wear brace, proper technique

104
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon caused by repetitive movement

symptoms: pain, swelling, hot, red, lump, grating feeling when moves

treatment: rest, ice, over the counter pain relievers

prevention: avoid stress activities, cross training, proper techniques

105
Q

stages of healing

A

acute: protection phase
- initial injury-72 hrs

sub-acute: repair phase
- 72 hrs- 6 weeks

late: remodeling
- 6 weeks- 3 months

chronic: ongoing remodeling and repair
- 3+ months

106
Q

Ice VS heat

A

Ice: First 72 hrs, if SWOLLEN/RED/HOT

Heat: After 72 hrs, if NOT swollen/red/hot

107
Q

Necessities for emergency procedures

A

Emergency action plan, proper coverage, emergency equipment, medical personnel, continue education

108
Q

emergency action plan

A

written out of who, when, and why for an emergency

4 components: emergency personnel (first responders), communication (how activate EMS), emergency equipment (AED), transportation (how we transport them)

109
Q

Medical VS NON Medical Emergencies

A

Medical: Life threatening- stop breathing, severe bleeding, eye injuries, concussion (blackout), neck/spine/heart injuries, unconsciousness

Non-Medical: Doesn’t threaten life/limb- Abrasions, minor punctures/lacerations, strains/sprains, minor concussions

110
Q

Emergency medical card

A

profile info kept on track for emergencies

111
Q

Blood is?

A

Only type of tissue throughout the body.

112
Q

Types of bleeding:

A

Arterial: Most severe!, bright red, spurts/pulse.
-Treatment: Apply pressure, call ems, tourniquet, treat for shock

Venous: Less severe than arterial, darker color blood, non pulsing
-Treatment: Apply pressure, compression bandage

Capillary: Slow oozing blood, (scraped knee), greatest risk for infection
-Treatment: wash soap and water, bandage

113
Q

Shock

A

heart and lungs don’t pump where need to.

symptoms: Cold and Clammy skin, pale face, blue lips, restlessness and anxiety

treat: call 911, maintain clear airway, elevate extremities 12 inches, lay in supine position and cover in blanket to keep body temp.

114
Q

Types of shock?

A

Hemorrhagic shock: lots of blood lost

Anaphylactic: severe allergic reaction

Psychogenic: physiological response to fear/stress (PTSD)

Metabolic: Severe loss of body fluids

115
Q

Heat stress:

A

Body no longer maintains homeostasis so temp begins to rise

avoid by: good exercise and hydration

116
Q

Heat index:

A

-Temp + Humidity

Colors:
-yellow: normal practice
-gold: unconditioned athletes no play, water breaks/breaks
-orange: frequent water breaks/breaks
-red: no play

117
Q

Heat illness care:

A

reduce body temp, fanning victim, immerse in cool water

avoid by: prevention, aware of environment, proper hydration, acclimation

118
Q

Dehydration

A

loss of more fluid than take in

symptoms: light yellow urine, headache, fatigue, feelings of thirst

treat: stop and rest, drink hydration drink, go into cool area

119
Q

Sunburn

A

overexposure to UV light from sun

treat: cold washcloth, aloe vera

prevent: use sunscreen

120
Q

Heat cramps

A

rapid water and electrolyte loss

treat: stretch with ice, fluid replacement

121
Q

Heat syncope

A

fainting

symptoms: lightheadedness/dizziness, vomiting/nausea

treat: stop activity, drink fluids

122
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

trouble dissipating heat

symptoms: cool/pale/moist skin, nausea/vomiting

treat: move to shade, fluid replacement, cool body

123
Q

Heat stroke

A

Most severe! heat regulation breaks down

symptoms: DRY/HOT skin, unconsciousness

treat: move to shade, call 911, put ice packs in groin/armpit area, remove excess clothes

124
Q

Cold stress

A

body works harder to maintain temp

125
Q

5 ways to lose heat

A

respiration: heat leaves body with every expiration

evaporation: sweating

conduction: heat goes to cooler object

radiation: transfer of heat by infared rays

convection: loss of body heat by wind

126
Q

Wind chill

A

cold temps + wind

127
Q

hypothermia

A

body heat lost faster than can be replaced

symptoms: temp 95, slurred speech, temp 85- unconsciousness, temp 75-death

treatment: call 911, warm trunk of body 1st, move to inside, give warm fluids

128
Q

Frostbite

A

skin tissue and blood vessels damaged from exposure to temps less than 32 degress

stages:
frostnip
superficial frostbite
deep frostbite

treatment: emergency care provided, give warm fluids, go inside asap

129
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

heat suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating

symptoms: unconscious during exercise, cheat pain, new onset fatigue, heart race for no reason

treat: Call 911, CPR, AED, care at hospital

prevention: comprehensive medical history, physical exam, EKG/Echocardiogram

130
Q

Head/neck/spine injuries

A

signs/symptoms: head body contorted in unnatural way, numbness, tingling in arms/legs, unconscious

response: call 911, stabilize head, log roll, preform CPR if needed

-log roll athlete into supine position to access airway

131
Q

Concussions

A

traumatic brain injury altering way brain functions

signs/symptoms: headache/pressure in head, “seeing stars”, dizziness, ringing in ears, nausea/vomiting

delayed/onset symptoms: personality changes, concentration/memory complaints, depression/mental problems

treatment: call 911/go to doctor depending on severity, take Tylenol, rest, avoid sports/driving until cleared

prevention: wear helmet and play safe

132
Q

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

A

brain degeneration caused by repetitive head trauma

symptoms: impulse control problems, aggression, depression, dementia

133
Q

FERPA

A

federal law that protects the privacy of student education records

134
Q

PHI

A

confidential identifying medical info about an individual

135
Q

liability

A

legal responsibility and accountability to another person

136
Q

HIPAA

A

Federal law protecting the privacy of medical records

137
Q

ethics

A

a system of moral principles; rules of conduct

138
Q

negligence

A

failure of a medical personnel to render proper services

139
Q

confidentiality

A

keeping medical information private

140
Q

two ways to avoid legal issues

A

stay educated and maintain CPR/ first aid certifications

141
Q

CPR:

A

1 rescuer # of compressions : breaths
- Adult, child, and infant= 30:2

Hand Placement
- Adult= 1 hand on victims chest on lower half of sternum and other hand on top of that one
- Child= use 1 or 2 hands. For most children same as adult
- Infant= 2 finger or 2 thumb just below nipple line/lower 1/2 of breastbone

Depth Of Compressions
-Adult and child= 2 inch
- Infant= 1 1/2 inch

142
Q

Steps for CPR

A

check the scene, check for responsiveness, Call 911 and get a AED, give chest compressions and breaths.

143
Q

AED:

Why is defibrillation important?

What should you do if you need to use an AED on someone who has been submerged in water?

A
  1. it can restore a regular cardiac rhythm
  2. remove victim from water and dry off chest
144
Q

Acronym for recognizing a stroke?

A

F- facial drooping
A- Arm weakness
S- Slurred speech
T- Time

145
Q

signs of an allergic reaction?

A

hives, rash, fever, swelling of tongue/throat/lips, trouble breathing

146
Q

How to care for sever bleeding of arm/leg?

A

call 911, apply pressure to stop bleeding, lie person down to prevent shock, use tourniquet, adding more gauze/bandages if bleeding through, wash hands afterwards

147
Q

Choking:

A

IF Mild: encourage victim to keep coughing or until progresses to severe

IF Severe:
- Adult/child: Abdominal thrusts
- Pregnant/Obese: Chest thrusts
- Infant: 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts
- if unresponsive preform CPR with addition of looking in mouth when you open airway. If you see object, sweep it out.

Sports Medicine (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions