Muscular System Flashcards
4 types of tissue
Muscular, Nervous, Connective, and Epithelial
Epithelial Tissue
Lines organs, vessels, and cavities
-Protects, absorbs, excretes, surface transport, sensory functions
Nervous Tissue
Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
-Controls functions, communications, integration, and controls muscles and glands
Connective Tissue
fat, skin, blood, and cartilage
-wraps and cushions organs, stores nutrients, internal support for organs, and protects joints
Ligaments connects?
bone to bone
Tendons connect?
muscle to bone
Muscles are made up of
protein and water
Functions of Muscular System
- Movement
-maintain posture
-stability of joints
-support soft tissue
-provide heat
-Guard entrances and exits
Voluntary and Involuntary (2 types of muscle)
Voluntary: Controlled by person
Involuntary: Automatic
Types of Muscle
Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal
Smooth Muscle
found in hallow organs and blood vessels: Involuntary and unstriated: moves urine, food, and reproductive secretions.
Cardiac Muscle
Found in heart: involuntary and striated: circulates blood and maintains blood pressure
Skeletal
Surrounds skeleton: stabilizes and moves position of skeleton, generates heat, protects internal organs
3 parts of connective tissue
Epimysium: top (outer) layer of muscle
Perimysium: layer surrounding muscle fibers
Endomysium: inner layer surrounding each muscle fiber
What is muscle fiber made up of?
thick/thin filaments, actin and myosin
Muscles always work in and attach
pairs, origin and insertion
agonist/ antagonist
agonist: responsible for movement
antagonist: resists the movement
flexor/ Synergist
Flexor: Stabilize
Synergist: help do same movement
twitch/ tetanus
Twitch: single contraction
Tetanus: contraction followed by another
muscle named based on:
shape, size, muscle fiber direction, action, # of origins, origins and insertions, functions, and location
4 types of soreness
Muscle strains: overstretch/tear of muscle or tendon
Muscle spasm: contraction of muscle
DOMS: Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (feeling after workout)
Lactic Acid: Burning feeling (by-product of muscle metabolism)
When is DOMS felt?
24-72 hours after workout
Muscle Contractions:
Isotonic, Isometric, Isokinetic
Isotonic
Change in length and speed, resistance is constant
- bicep curl, squats
advantages and disadvantages of isotonic
advantage: strengthens muscle through ROM, choose exercises
disadvantage: make muscles sore because of stress, gains strength at weakest point of action
Isometric
muscle contracts & no change length
-plank
advantages and disadvantages of isometric
Advantage: develop static strength, not expensive equipment, do anywhere
Disadvantage: muscle not working though action
isokinetic
contracts and shortens at constant speed, change in resistance
-NEED machine (treadmill)
advantages and disadvantages of isokinetic
advantage: gains even strength through ROM, fastest way to increase strength
disadvantage: equipment is expensive
muscle fibers:
type 1: slow twitch: endurance
type 2: fast twitch: strength & power
anerobic respiration
strength exercises: without air: fast twitch
- energy turned into lactic acid
aerobic respiration
Oxygen: slow twitch: endurance exercise
Muscle Fibers: (Color)
fast fiber: white meat
slow fiber: dark meat
Humans contain a mixture
Types of Stretches:
Dynamic, Static, Ballistic, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
Dynamic
movement “active stretch” (Before activity)
Static
Holding stretch (After activity)
Ballistic
“bouncing stretch” (NEVER SHOULD BE DONE)
PNF
Done with a partner (Before or after activity)
