Heat and Cold Illnesses

Question 1

What is heat stress?

Answer 1

Body no longer maintains homeostasis and body temp begins to rise

Question 2

How to avoid heat stress?

Answer 2

Be well hydrated and get good exercise

Question 3

What is heat index?

Answer 3

Temperature + Humidity

Question 4

Heat index activity guidelines:

Answer 4

Bright yellow: Normal practice/water breaks
Gold zone: unconditioned athletes no play, but water/breaks more
Orange zone: frequent water/rest breaks
Red zone: NO play!

Question 5

General care (heat illnesses):

Answer 5

reduce body temp: (move to cool location, pour water over extremities)
Fanning victim
Immerse in cool water: (extremities first)

Question 6

How to avoid heat illnesses?

Answer 6

prevention, being aware of environment, acclimation, proper hydration

Question 7

what is Dehydration?

Answer 7

Lose more fluid then take in

Question 8

dehydration symptoms:

Answer 8

light yellow urine, headache, fatigue, feelings of thirst, no urine output, rapid pulse, irritability

Question 9

treatment for dehydration:

Answer 9

stop and rest, go into cool area, prop up feet, take off extra clothes, drink hydration drink, rest 24 hrs

Question 10

What is sunburn?

Answer 10

overexposure to UV light from sun

Question 11

treatment of sunburn:

Answer 11

cold washcloth, over-counter medication, aloe vera

Question 12

prevention for sunburn:

Answer 12

use sunscreen

Question 13

What is heat cramps?

Answer 13

rapid water and electrolyte loss
-occurs in calfs, hamstrings, quads, and abs

Question 14

Treatment for heat cramps:

Answer 14

slow passive stretching with ice, immediate fluid replacement

Question 15

What is heat syncope?

Answer 15

fainting

Question 16

Symptoms of heat syncope:

Answer 16

lightheaded, dizziness, headache, nausea/vomiting

Question 17

treatment for heat syncope:

Answer 17

drink fluids, stop activity immediately

Question 18

What is heat exhaustion?

Answer 18

body has trouble dissipating heat

Question 19

symptoms of heat exhaustion:

Answer 19

skin PALE, COOL, MOIST. dizziness, nausea/vomiting, weak/rapid pulse

Question 20

treatment for heat exhaustion:

Answer 20

move to shade, fluid replacement, cool body, use ice towel

Question 21

What is a heat stroke?

Answer 21

MOST SEVERE! Body heat regulation breaks down

Question 22

Symptoms of heat stroke:

Answer 22

DRY, HOT SKIN. strong/rapid pulse, unconsciousness

Question 23

treatment for heat stroke:

Answer 23

move to cool area, cool immediately (remove excess clothing), ice with towels/ice packs under groin/armpits, misting/fanning, Call 911

Question 24

What is cold stress?

Answer 24

body works harder to maintain its temperature

Question 25

5 ways to lose heat?

Answer 25

Respiration, evaporation, conduction, radiation, and convection

Question 26

What is respiration?

Answer 26

Heat leaves body with every expiration

Question 27

what is evaporation?

Answer 27

evaporation of perspiration/other moisture from skin causes body to lose heat

Question 28

What is conduction?

Answer 28

body comes into direct contact with cooler object
- Heat goes to cooler object (ex: swimming in cool water)

Question 29

What is radiation?

Answer 29

transfer of heat by infrared rays

Question 30

What is convection?

Answer 30

heat near body surface removed by moving air
(ex: wind, cool breeze)

Question 31

What is Wind Chill?

Answer 31

rate of heat loss on human body from both temp and wind
-near/below 0 degrees F risk frostbite

Question 32

What is hypothermia?

Answer 32

Heat from body lost faster than can be replaced

Question 33

Symptoms of hypothermia:

Answer 33

temp drops to 95 degrees, shivering, slurred speech, lack of coordination, memory loss, unconsciousness after 85 degrees, death around 78 degrees.

Question 34

Treatment for hypothermia:

Answer 34

call 911, restore temp slowly (go indoors, remove wet clothing (trunk first not extremities), wrapping in blankets, DO NOT immerse in warm water, Begin CPR if necessary, give warm fluids

Question 35

What is Frostbite?

Answer 35

skin tissue and blood vessels damaged from exposure to temps less than 32 degrees F
-affects toes, fingers, earlobes, chin, cheeks, and nose

Question 36

3 Stages of frostbite?

Answer 36

Stage 1= frost nip: pins-needles sensation, skin turns white & soft

Stage 2= Superficial frostbite: may show blistering, skin numb/waxy frozen, ice crystal form from skin

Stage 3= Deep frostbite: freezing muscles/tendons/nerves/blood vessels/bone, leads to permanent damage, no feeling, no blistering, serious infection/loss of limb, medical attention asap.

Question 37

treatment for frostbite:

Answer 37

emergency care provided. bring person indoors asap, apply warm water for 20 min, DO NOT use hot water/hold near water, warm fluids, keep areas raised.