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Sports Medicine > Emergency Preparedness, bleeding and shock, vital signs and blood pressure > Flashcards

Emergency Preparedness, bleeding and shock, vital signs and blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What are certified athletic trainers (ATC’s)?

A

must be properly prepared and trained for medical crisis/disorders

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2
Q

5 Necessities for emergency procedures:

A

-Emergency Action Plan
-Proper coverage
-Emergency Equipment
-Medical Personnel
-Continue Education

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3
Q

Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

A

written out of who, when, and why for an emergency

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4
Q

4 components of EAP:

A

emergency personnel, communication, emergency equipment, and transportation

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5
Q

Emergency personnel

A

how many people are there/first responders
-immediate care provided by most qualified personnel

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6
Q

communication

A

how we activate EMS.
-radio communication/call 911

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7
Q

emergency equipment

A

AED, spine board, etc.
-People using must know how to use

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8
Q

transportation

A

how we transport them

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9
Q

What is a Medical Emergency?

A

potential to be life-threatening/progress to be life-threatening

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10
Q

examples of medical emergency:

A

stop breathing, severe bleeding, severe asthma attack, heart related injuries, injuries causing shock, concussion (where you blackout), neck/spine injuries, unconsciousness, severe fracture/dislocation, eye injuries

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11
Q

What is a Non medical emergency?

A

doesn’t threaten life or limb

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12
Q

examples of non medical emergency:

A

abrasions, minor lacerations/incisons/punctures, strains/sprains, minor concussions without loss of consciousness

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13
Q

Emergency medical card

A

profile information kept on track for emergencies.

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14
Q

Blood is?

A

the only type of tissue throughout the body.
-carries O2 and nutrients, transports waste

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15
Q

Types of bleeding?

A

arterial bleeding, venous bleeding, capillary bleeding

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16
Q

Arterial bleeding

A

bright red blood that spurts/pulses. CRITICAL and LIFE-THREATENING

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17
Q

Venous Bleeding

A

Darker color blood, slower, less severe non-pulsing bleeding.
-easier to control (put direct pressure)
-1+ veins ruptured

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18
Q

Capillary Bleeding

A

Slow oozing blood, blood clots rapidly. (ex. Skin knee)
-greatest risk of infection

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19
Q

Treatment for arterial bleeding:

A

treat for shock, apply direct pressure, call EMS, apply tourniquet

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20
Q

Treatment for venous bleeding:

A

direct pressure, compression bandage, follow up with doctor

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21
Q

treatment for capillary bleeding:

A

clean soap and water, bandage

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22
Q

What is shock?

A

where circulation fails (heart/lungs not pumping where needed to).
-Precursor to death

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23
Q

4 types of shock:

A

hemorrhagic, anaphylactic, psychogenic, metabolic

24
Q

hemorrhagic shock

A

caused when lots of blood lost.
-blood pressure falls, caused by blunt trauma/internal injuries

25
anaphylactic shock
caused by severe allergic reaction
26
psychogenic shock
temporary physiological response to fear/stress - People with PTSD -Cause person to faint
27
metabolic shock
severe loss of bodily fluids -Severe dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhea
28
Signs of shock
cold clammy skin, restlessness and anxiety, rapid breathing, sweating, pale face, blue around mouth
29
Symptoms of shock
shallow respiration, dilated pupils, thirst, nausea/vomiting, loss of consciousness, blood pressure falling
30
treatment for shock
call 911, maintain clear airway, ELEVATE EXTREMITIES 12 INCH, keep victim in supine postition, DO NOT give food/water, keep them calm, monitor vital signs
31
Vital signs
Temp, pulse, BP, Respirations, pain
32
Cause of elevated and lowered temp
HIGH: environmental, stress, infection, certain cancers -Heat stroke if body temp too high LOW: Environmental and Exposure -confusion, decreased level of consciousness, heart/respiratory failure
33
Therapeutic hypothermia
induced with cardiac arrest/neuro trauma. -maintain brain function after recovery
34
ways to take temp?
orally, temporal, axillary, tympanic (ear), rectal
35
normall temp?
97-99 degrees -fever= >100.4
36
Pulse?
opening and closing of aortic valve -normal adult= 60-100 bpm - tachycardia= >100 bpm -Bradycardia= <60 bpm
37
check pulse to see...
if heart working/not working hard enough
38
peripheral pulse vs no peripheral pulse
peripheral= pumping enough blood= stable no peripheral= not stable
39
High Pulse?
resting heart rate over 100bpm is abnormal
40
low pulse?
be from: -athlete, medication, heart conductivity/muscle problem
41
respirations?
how many breaths per min. -normal adult=12-20 per min -tachypnea= >25 per min -Bradypnea= <10 per min
42
symptoms of respiratory disease:
increased respirations, shallow breathing, slow breathing, sweating, agitation, lethargy, blue lips, grunting and nasal flaring
43
O2 saturation?
amount of O2 in bloodstream. -Normal adult= 94-99 %
44
Pain is
Subjective -objective data: heart rate, BP, temp, restlessness, sweating, agitation, anger
45
Blood Pressure (BP)?
circulating blood on walls of arteries - written systolic over diastolic (ex.120/80)
46
Systole?
phase of heartbeat where muscle contracts and blood pumps out into arteries
47
Diastole?
phase of heartbeat where muscle relaxes and blood fills heart chambers
48
causes of high BP?
heredity, pain, anxiety, lifestyle, medications, kidney disease
49
What happens when BP is high for too long?
stroke, heat disease/attacks, kidney failure
50
Prevention for high BP?
healthy diet, weight control, physical activity
51
Treatment for high BP?
limit salt, lose weight, stress reduction, medication is needed
52
Hypotension?
<89/<59 - causes: medication, hypovolemia (low blood volume), shock, infections
53
Hypotension can lead to?
death, falls, LOC (loss of consciousness)
54
Orthostatic Hypotension
sudden drop in BP from sitting to standing.
55
symptoms of Orthostatic hypotension
dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, seeing black spots, confusion

Sports Medicine (8 decks)

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