Emergency Preparedness, bleeding and shock, vital signs and blood pressure Flashcards
What are certified athletic trainers (ATC’s)?
must be properly prepared and trained for medical crisis/disorders
5 Necessities for emergency procedures:
-Emergency Action Plan
-Proper coverage
-Emergency Equipment
-Medical Personnel
-Continue Education
Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
written out of who, when, and why for an emergency
4 components of EAP:
emergency personnel, communication, emergency equipment, and transportation
Emergency personnel
how many people are there/first responders
-immediate care provided by most qualified personnel
communication
how we activate EMS.
-radio communication/call 911
emergency equipment
AED, spine board, etc.
-People using must know how to use
transportation
how we transport them
What is a Medical Emergency?
potential to be life-threatening/progress to be life-threatening
examples of medical emergency:
stop breathing, severe bleeding, severe asthma attack, heart related injuries, injuries causing shock, concussion (where you blackout), neck/spine injuries, unconsciousness, severe fracture/dislocation, eye injuries
What is a Non medical emergency?
doesn’t threaten life or limb
examples of non medical emergency:
abrasions, minor lacerations/incisons/punctures, strains/sprains, minor concussions without loss of consciousness
Emergency medical card
profile information kept on track for emergencies.
Blood is?
the only type of tissue throughout the body.
-carries O2 and nutrients, transports waste
Types of bleeding?
arterial bleeding, venous bleeding, capillary bleeding
Arterial bleeding
bright red blood that spurts/pulses. CRITICAL and LIFE-THREATENING
Venous Bleeding
Darker color blood, slower, less severe non-pulsing bleeding.
-easier to control (put direct pressure)
-1+ veins ruptured
Capillary Bleeding
Slow oozing blood, blood clots rapidly. (ex. Skin knee)
-greatest risk of infection
Treatment for arterial bleeding:
treat for shock, apply direct pressure, call EMS, apply tourniquet
Treatment for venous bleeding:
direct pressure, compression bandage, follow up with doctor
treatment for capillary bleeding:
clean soap and water, bandage
What is shock?
where circulation fails (heart/lungs not pumping where needed to).
-Precursor to death
4 types of shock:
hemorrhagic, anaphylactic, psychogenic, metabolic
hemorrhagic shock
caused when lots of blood lost.
-blood pressure falls, caused by blunt trauma/internal injuries
anaphylactic shock
caused by severe allergic reaction
psychogenic shock
temporary physiological response to fear/stress
- People with PTSD
-Cause person to faint
metabolic shock
severe loss of bodily fluids
-Severe dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhea
Signs of shock
cold clammy skin, restlessness and anxiety, rapid breathing, sweating, pale face, blue around mouth
Symptoms of shock
shallow respiration, dilated pupils, thirst, nausea/vomiting, loss of consciousness, blood pressure falling
treatment for shock
call 911, maintain clear airway, ELEVATE EXTREMITIES 12 INCH, keep victim in supine postition, DO NOT give food/water, keep them calm, monitor vital signs
Vital signs
Temp, pulse, BP, Respirations, pain
Cause of elevated and lowered temp
HIGH: environmental, stress, infection, certain cancers
-Heat stroke if body temp too high
LOW: Environmental and Exposure
-confusion, decreased level of consciousness, heart/respiratory failure
Therapeutic hypothermia
induced with cardiac arrest/neuro trauma.
-maintain brain function after recovery
ways to take temp?
orally, temporal, axillary, tympanic (ear), rectal
normall temp?
97-99 degrees
-fever= >100.4
Pulse?
opening and closing of aortic valve
-normal adult= 60-100 bpm
- tachycardia= >100 bpm
-Bradycardia= <60 bpm
check pulse to see…
if heart working/not working hard enough
peripheral pulse vs no peripheral pulse
peripheral= pumping enough blood= stable
no peripheral= not stable
High Pulse?
resting heart rate over 100bpm is abnormal
low pulse?
be from:
-athlete, medication, heart conductivity/muscle problem
respirations?
how many breaths per min.
-normal adult=12-20 per min
-tachypnea= >25 per min
-Bradypnea= <10 per min
symptoms of respiratory disease:
increased respirations, shallow breathing, slow breathing, sweating, agitation, lethargy, blue lips, grunting and nasal flaring
O2 saturation?
amount of O2 in bloodstream.
-Normal adult= 94-99 %
Pain is
Subjective
-objective data: heart rate, BP, temp, restlessness, sweating, agitation, anger
Blood Pressure (BP)?
circulating blood on walls of arteries
- written systolic over diastolic (ex.120/80)
Systole?
phase of heartbeat where muscle contracts and blood pumps out into arteries
Diastole?
phase of heartbeat where muscle relaxes and blood fills heart chambers
causes of high BP?
heredity, pain, anxiety, lifestyle, medications, kidney disease
What happens when BP is high for too long?
stroke, heat disease/attacks, kidney failure
Prevention for high BP?
healthy diet, weight control, physical activity
Treatment for high BP?
limit salt, lose weight, stress reduction, medication is needed
Hypotension?
<89/<59
- causes: medication, hypovolemia (low blood volume), shock, infections
Hypotension can lead to?
death, falls, LOC (loss of consciousness)
Orthostatic Hypotension
sudden drop in BP from sitting to standing.
symptoms of Orthostatic hypotension
dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, seeing black spots, confusion
