Socy final: Chapter 14

Question 1

Religion in societies

Answer 1

set of beliefs concerning what we would call the soul. notions about life after death. thoughts, actions, and feelings based on belief in the existence of spirit beings and supranormal forces.

Question 2

Social functions of religion

Answer 2

• explaining the world
• solace, healing, and emotional release
• social cohesion
• social control
• conflict resolution
• intensifying group solidarity

Question 3

Spirit beings and forces

Answer 3

1) Animism and animatism
- existence of souls; all things endowed with spirit form or essence.
2) Gods and heros
- Polytheists and monotheists
3) Ancestors, ghosts, and demons
4) Mana, Totems, and Taboos

Question 4

Ancestor worship

Answer 4

Belief in the importance of ancestors as they affect the lives of their survivors, protecting their descendants.

Question 5

Mana

Answer 5

a force, power, or essence that endows people, animals, other living things, and possibly inanimate objects with special qualities or powers.

Question 6

Totemism

Answer 6

Belief system in which people believe that they are descendants of spirt beings.

Question 7

Religous practioners

Answer 7

• Mediums, Diviners, and healers

- Shamans, Priests, and priestess

Question 8

Shaman

Answer 8

a part-time religous specialist who is thought to have supernatural powers by virtue of birth, training, or inspiration.

Question 9

Wicca

Answer 9

Modern-day movement of witches and pagans.

Question 10

Religous practice

Answer 10

• Sacred and secular rituals
• Prayers and sacrifice
• Rites of passage
• puberty rites; funerary rites
• healing, curing, spirit possession
• magic and witchcraft

Question 11

Imitative magic

Answer 11

magic that operates on the principle of “like causes like”.

Question 12

Contagious magic

Answer 12

magic that operates on the principle that positive and negative qualities can be transferred through proximity or contact.