Socy ch. 2

Question 1

Symbols

Answer 1

something that stands for something else, either verbal or nonverbal.

Question 2

Three components of culture

Answer 2

1. ) Material objects - everything ppl have
2. ) Ideas, values, attitudes- everything ppl think.
3. ) Behavior patterns- everything ppl do

Question 3

Pluralistic Societies

Answer 3

societies composed of a number of different cultural or subcultural groups.

Question 4

Culture shock

Answer 4

a psychological disorientation experienced when attemppting to operate in a radically different cultural environment

Question 5

Monochronic culture

Answer 5

a culture whose people view time in a linear fashion, place great importance on punctuality and keeping on schedule, and prefer to work on one task at a time

Question 6

Polychronic culture

Answer 6

a culture in which ppl perform a number of tasks at the same time and place a higher value on nurturing and maintaining social relationships rather than on punctuality

Question 7

Cultural universals

Answer 7

societies share common features bc they solve problems shared by all human societies

Question 8

Cultural interconnections

Answer 8

logical and coherent systems.

• parts are connected to each other and influenced by each other.
• changes in one part of culture may cause changes in another part as well.

Question 9

Internal changes (innovations or inventions)

Answer 9

can spread to other cultures and occur in societies with the greatest number of cultural elements

Question 10

External changes (cultural diffusion)

Answer 10

spreading of cultural elements from one culture to another. Responsible for the greatest amount of change in any society.

Question 11

Linked changes

Answer 11

changes in one part of a culture brought about by changes in other parts.

Question 12

Acculturation

Answer 12

Process by which a group adjusts to living w/in a dominant culture while at the same time maintaining it’s original cultural identity.

Question 12

Enculturation

Answer 12

Acquiring culture after we are born

Question 13

Assimilation

Answer 13

Process by which a less numerous and less powerful cultural group changes it’s ways and cultural identity to blend in w/ the dominant culture.

Question 14

Homogenization

Answer 14

Theory that claims that contemporary globalization is creating a homogenized world culture dominated by similar values and practices.

Question 15

Polarization

Answer 15

The pressure toward homogenization that creates antagonisms bc members of other societies with diff values and practices react against the influence of euro-American culture and assert their own national and cultural identities.

Question 16

Hybridization

Answer 16

Stresses the development of ever-greater variety and vitality through new cross-cultural combinations of cultural elements that result from the worldwide exchange of products, technologies, info, and artistic expression.