Socy ch.1 Flashcards
What is Anthropology?
study of people
- their origins
- their development and contemporary variations.
- wherever and whenever they have been found
Applied Anthropology
Charachterized by problem-oriented research among the worlds contemporary populations.
Applied Perspective
understanding culturally-different people enables us to meet our own personal and professional objectives.
Biological Anthropology
study of human origins and biological diversity
Paleoanthropology
most visible of
- uses techniques of comparative anatomy to determne the humanity of fossil remains
Primatology
study of anatomy and social behavior of nonhuman primate species
Artifacts
Ex: tools, arrowheads
Features
Ex: foundations and fireplaces
Ecofacts
Ex: bones, seeds, and wood
Historic archaeologists
reconstruct the cultures of people who used writing and about whom historical documents have been written.
Prehistoric archaeologists
study the human record of cultures that existed before the development of writing.
Cultural resource management
Applied archaeology that involves high-quality research and data preservation before sites are disturbed or destroyed.
Historical linguistics
study of emergence of language and how specific languages have deviated from the original language over time.
Descriptive linguistics
study of sound systems, grammatical systems, and the meanings attached to words in specific languages.
Ethnolinguistics
study of he relationship between language a culture
Sociolinguistics
study of the relationship between language and social relations.
Holism
viewing a culture as a whole integrated cultural system. to interprut the way a culture is structured and functions.
Ethnocentrism
the belief that one’s own culture is superior to all others
Cultural Relativism
the idea that cultural traits are best understood when viewed w/in the cultural context of which they are a part
Emic view
“insider’s view” the anthropologist brings the perspective of the local people to the project.
Etic view
“Outsider’s view” anthropologists use their own categories and concepts to describe the culture under analysis
Ethnography
Descriptive
- based on direct fieldwork
- focuses on a single culture or subculture
Applied linguistics
study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.
Ethnology
Comparative
- based on data collected by other ethnographers.
- generalizes across cultures or subcultures.
