Sociology quiz 4 Flashcards
how can our sex be measured/determined?
- Biological and can be measured in dif ways.
1. Chromosomes
2. Gonads
3. External reproductive organs
4. Hormones
what is sex? and what are the three sex’s?
its a decision that is made at birth based on appraisal of 1 of 4 of the measures that determine someone sex.
1. Male
2. Femal
3. Intersex
what is gender?
it is something that is learned and socially constructed.
what are some expressions of femininity?
passivity, nurturing, subordination
what are some expressions of masculinity?
strength, aggression, dominant
Explain sexuality and its variables.
- often mistakenly mixed up with gender
- has to do with sexual attraction
- Majority group is heterosexual
- Minority groups are plentiful, they are very good at loving.
name the categories of “sex” and which is the minority.
- men
- women
- Intersex (minority)
name the categories of “gender” and which is the minority.
- male
- female
- non-binary (minority)
- gender fluid (minority)
- two-spirit (minority)
name the categories of “sexuality” and which is the minority.
- heterosexual
- homosexual (minority)
- bisexuals (minority)
explain the gender and biological identity:
- cis gender
- transgender
- transexual
- not homo, gender identity trumps biology
- transvestite (cross-dressing, drag)
explain the different sexualities.
- heterosexual (straight)
- Homosexual (gay, lesbian)
- bisexual, pansexual
- Asexual, aromantic, demisexual
what is a sexual script?
shared beliefs about what what society deems acceptable in terms of sexual thoughts, feelings and behaviour for each gender.
Explain the sexual script of the coffee date that we talked about in class.
man pays, man opens doors, woman invites man to house, man drives, etc…
explain sexuality/gender fluidity was in ancient greece, native people, and samoans
- Ancient greece: both as natural, gender identity existed, not sexual orientation.
- Native people: Two-spiritedness or berdache
- Samoans: third gender of Fa’afafine
Explain what functionalism’s view would be on sexuality.
- sex needs to be regulated with customs and laws
- equilibrium does not upset social system: heterosexual, married people
- example: sexual norms reduce sexual violence
Explain what conflict theory’s view would be on sexuality.
- traditional sexual arrangement based on hierarchy and power
- Inequality that exists in all areas of life (institutions) impact sexual inequality
- Patriarchy yields more violence
- LGBTQ people should have the same rights as all members of society
Explain what symbolic interactionism’s view would be on sexuality.
- All aspects of sexuality at the micro level (institutions) will affect the micro (interactions btw men and women)
- sexuality is socially constructed
- symbols of sex: pornography (what do men and women learn from watching sexual exchanges in porn) (what is not shown: imperfections, love, consent, body variety)
Explain what feminism theory’s view would be on sexuality.
- Challenges biology, monogamy and traditional sexual division
- challenges patriarchy and power
- Ex: treating women as objects
what kind of framework does feminism exercise
theoretical framework
Define Feminism:
Advocacy for women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality.
define patriarchy
male-dominated social structures leading to the oppression of women
what are all the names and years of each feminism wave?
- Maternal feminism (late 1800s - 1920s)
- Radical feminism (early 1960s)
2.1. liberal feminism
2.2. socialist/Marxism feminism - Post feminism (1980s)
3.1. Intersectional feminism
explain Wave 1 of feminism social movement.
- fighting for the right to vote
- fighting for rights as mothers
- didn’t fight for anything other than their rights in domestic homes
explain Wave 2 of feminism social movement. (radical)
- Arose when men came back from war
- Men oppress women out of patriarchy (expectation to have children and control over women’s bodies)
explain Wave 2 of feminism social movement. (Liberal)
- Making changes through legal form
- Fight for equality
- Belief that men and women are not different
- reform contraceptives, maternity leave.
explain Wave 2 of feminism social movement. (socialist/marxism)
- women are oppressed under patriarchy and capitalism
- Need to work to be free from others control.
–> 2nd shift: entering payed labour did not shift expectations of what women are supposed to be.
explain Wave 3 of feminism social movement. (post-fem)
- there are differences between men and women
- biological explanations for differences.
explain Wave 3 of feminism social movement. (intersectional)
- other characteristics interacting with gender to produce a range of hierarchies on inequality.
Explain the issues women face
- Double consciousness
- Seeing yourself through many people
—> intersectional approach: ableism, racism, homophobia, etc… - safety
—> sexual harassment, assault, intimate partner violence at higher rates. - Laws regarding ability to access to reproductive healthcare (ex: roe v. wade overturned)
- sexual double standards
6.gender expression
—> The “ideal women” isn’t real.
—> “not feminine enough”:bossy, pushy, barbie movie
—> “too feminine”: dress codes at work and school
Explain the issues that men face.
- Toxic masculinity, “crisis of masculinity” as sold by Andrew Tate et al., versus healthy masculinity.
- pay gap
—> intersectional approach: ableism, racism, homophobia, etc… - Gendered expression risks
- Hegemonic masculinity
- less employed, harassment, sexual assault
- at greater risk than women. why?
what are the issues gendered, sexuality, and sex minorities face?
- Gender normality (Ideal man & woman)
- Heteronormativity
- Sexism, homophobia, transphobia
- who is more likely to be homo/transphobic? - issues around safety
- acknowledge existence
- rights and respect
