Sociology Final Exam Review(AT) Flashcards
What is dysfunction?
An element or a process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability.
What is anomie?
The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
What is latent function?
Unconscious or unintended function; hidden purpose.
What is dramaturgical approach?
A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers.
What is basic sociology?
Sociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena.
What is functionalist perspective?
A sociological approach that emphasizes the way that parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.
What is conflict perspective?
A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups.
What is interactionist perspective?
A sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole.
What is applied sociology?
The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding applications for human behavior and organizations.
What is feminist view?
A sociological approach that views inequality in gender as central to all behavior and organization.
What is clinical sociology?
The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions.
What is ideal type?
A construct or model for evaluating specific cases.
What is sociological imagination?
An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society.
What is Sociology?
The systematic study of social behavior and human groups.
What is microsociology?
Sociological investigation that stresses study of small groups and often uses laboratory experimental studies.
What is natural science?
The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change?
What is Verstehen?
German word for “understanding” or “insight”; stresses the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective.
What is theory?
In sociology, a set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior.
What is nonverbal communication?
The sending of messages through the use of posture, facial expressions, and gestures.
What is science?
The body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
What is manifest function?
Open, stated, conscious function.
What is social science?
The study of social features of humans and the way they interact and change.
What is macrosociology?
Sociological investigation that concentrates on large scale phenomena or entire civilizations.
What is social inequality?
A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.
What is political science?
The social science that studies the way in which people govern themselves.
What is anthropology?
The social science whose chief concern is understanding a culture, a people’s total way of life.
What is economics?
The social science that studies production and distribution of the material goods and services of a society.
What is psychology?
The social science that studies the processes that occur within the individual.
What is history?
The social science that focuses on past events.
Sociology is concerned with?
social behavior and human groups, the behavior of the individual, random human actions.
Which of the following is most closely associated with the concept of the sociological imagination?
Emile Durkheim
In his study of suicide, Emile Durkheim was primarily concerned with?
Suicide rates and how they varied from country to country.
In Society in America, which early sociologist gave special attention to social class distinctions and to such factors as gender and race?
Harriet Martineau
Which of the following concepts did Max Weber introduce to the field of sociology?
the ideal type
The Communist Manifesto was written by?
Friederich Engels and Karl Marx
Which sociologist confounded the settlement “Hull House” in Chicago?
Jane Addams
Robert Merton’s contributions to sociology include?
Successfully combining theory and research, analysis of deviant behavior that focuses on societal goals and means, an attempt to bring “macro-level” and “Micro-level” analyses together.
Which sociological perspective views society as a network of connected parts, each of which contributes to the maintenance of the system as a whole?
Functionalist perspective
Karl Marx’s view of the struggle between social classes inspired contemporary?
Conflict perspective
Sports perpetuate the false idea that success can be achieved simply through hard work, while failure should be blamed on the individual alone, rather than on the injustices of the larger social system. This statement would most accurately represent which perspective?
Conflict perspective
Which sociological perspective examines sports on the micro level by focusing on how day-to-day social behavior is shaped by distinctive norms, values, and demands of the world of sports?
Interactionist perspective
One of a group of sociologists who saw themselves as social reformers, co-founder of Hull House in Chicago.
Jane Addams
Early French sociologist who coined the term Sociology to apply to the science of human behavior.
Auguste Comte
Sociologist who was extremely critical of existing institutions, co-author of The Communist Manifesto.
Karl Marx
English sociologist who spoke in favor of women’s rights. Works include insights into religion, politics, child rearing and immigration in England as well as America.
Harriet Matineau
German Sociologist who is attributed with the concept of the “Ideal type”.
Max Weber
Sociologist who coined the term “survival of the fittest.” Theorized that societies are bound to change, therefore we need not be too critical.
Herbert Spencer
Sociologist who coined the term “Anomie”. He felt as though the industrial revolution brought it about in his society.
Emile Durkheim
Introduced the use of statistics in sociological research, as well as the need for both Macro and Micro studies on a topic.
Robert Merton
Thought that the influence on an individual could be best understood by studying smaller groups(family, friends, a gang, etc).
Charles Horton Cooley
Which type of sociology depends upon the use of statistics and research to draw conclusions about human behavior?
Quantitative Sociology
Which type of sociology that concentrates on the meaning behind people’s behavior?
Qualitative Sociology
Mills defined this as a matter that transcends the local environment of the individual?
issues
Mills defined this as an attack on a cherished value?
crisis
Mills defined this as either being unaware of value or placing no value on events?
indifference
Mills defined this as an individual difficulty - it occurs within the immediate range of his relations with others?
troubles
Sociological study that centers on large groups or phenomena.
Macro-Sociology
Sociological study that centers on small groups and experimental study.
Micro-Sociology
Charles Horton Cooley would most readily be recognized with:
Micro-Sociology
A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is called:
Social inequality
Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society?
Stratification
An individual’s salary and wages are called:
income
Wealth is:
all of a person’s material assets, including land, stocks, and other types of property.
An ascribed status is a social position:
assigned to a person without regard to the person’s unique characteristics or talents.
Achieved status is a social position:
attained by a person largely through his or her own effort.
Which term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical difference?
racial group
An ethnic group is a group:
that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
A stereotype is a (an):
unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group.
Which term is used to refer to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people?
prejudice
Which of the following does the text define as a family?
a set of people related by blood, marriage (or some other agreed-upon relationship), or adoption who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society
A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a (an):
nuclear family
