Biology Ch. 19-20 Quiz(AT)

Question 1

Why aren’t common names useful to scientists?

Answer 1

They can be misleading, can apply to more than one animal, can translate differently, inconsistent, etc.

Question 2

The panthers’ scientific name is Felis concolor. What are three taxonomic levels to which the panther belongs?

Answer 2

Kingdom, Genus, Species

Question 3

What were 2 problems with the early system of classification?

Answer 3

Linneas used only physical similarities and differences.
It’s difficult to determine which similarities and differences are most important.
Did not account for microorganisms, too broad, not as distinct, etc

Question 4

Who is the founder of binomial nomenclature?

Answer 4

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 5

What is wrong with the way the scientific name was written below?
Common name: Blue Jay Scientific Name: cyanocitta Cristata

Answer 5

Needs to be italics, genus name (first name) needs to be first letter capitalized, species name should be all lowercase.

Question 6

What are the seven taxonomic levels from largest to smallest?

Answer 6

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 7

What is the difference between evolutionary classification and traditional classification?

Answer 7

Reflects lines of descent, rather than just similarities and differences.

Question 8

What are derived characteristics?

Answer 8

Trait that arose in the most common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendent.

Question 9

If organisms share DNA sequences but do not look anything alike are they related? Explain.

Answer 9

Yes. Their appearance may be different but the presence of similar DNA sequences suggests they have a (relatively) recent common ancestor. May not be super recent but they share a common ancestor.

Question 10

What were the first two kingdoms created by Lineaus?

Answer 10

Animalia, Plantae

Question 11

How many kingdoms do we have today? What are they?

Answer 11

Officially, 6. Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals.

Question 12

How many domains do we have? What are they? What are two distinct characteristics of each?

Answer 12

Eukarya - all organisms have a nucleus, contains plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Archaea - prokaryotic and unicellular, cell wall contains lipids, often live in very harsh conditions
Bacteria - prokaryotic and unicellular, cell wall contains peptidoglycan

Question 13

If you were looking at this cladogram below which traits do the salamander and the chimp share?

Answer 13

Jaws, lungs

Question 14

How can you determine relatedness using a cladogram?

Answer 14

The closer they branched off from, the closer related they are.

Question 15

When a species evolves at a slow steady pace that pattern of evolution is known as_____________.

Answer 15

Gradualism

Question 16

What is coevolution and give an example.

Answer 16

The process in which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time. Flowering plants and pollinators.

Question 17

True or False: Differences in DNA can be used to determine classification and evolutionary relationships.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

The production of similar characteristics in unrelated organisms is known as_____________.

Answer 18

Convergent Evolution

Question 19

Explain the endosymbiotic theory in your own words.

Answer 19

Eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms.
Mitochondria: evolved from prokaryotes that could use oxygen to generate energy.
Chloroplasts: evolved from prokaryotes that carried out photosynthesis.

Question 20

Which two organelles contain DNA similar to that of bacteria and are used as evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 20

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.