Sociology Deviance Test(AT)

Question 1

What is labeling theory?

Answer 1

An attempt to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants while others are not and emphasizes how a person comes to be labeled as deviant and to accept this label.

Question 2

What is deviance?

Answer 2

Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.

Question 3

What is conformity?

Answer 3

Going along with peers who have no special right to direct our behavior.

Question 4

What is reframing?

Answer 4

A dissociation technique to not let what your doing affect your self-image.

Question 5

What is organized crime?

Answer 5

The work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises.

Question 6

What is a professional crime?

Answer 6

Crime pursued as a person’s day-to-day occupation.

Question 7

What is a white collar crime?

Answer 7

An illegal act committed in the course of business activities, often by affluent people.

Question 8

What does Merton’s Anomie Theory do?

Answer 8

It examines how people conform to or deviate from cultural expectations.

Question 9

What is control theory?

Answer 9

A theory that says our bonds to members of society lead us to conform to society’s norms.

Question 10

What is cultural transmission theory?

Answer 10

A theory that says one learns criminal behavior through interactions with others.

Question 11

What was the Stanley Milgram’s experiment purpose?

Answer 11

It was designed to see what people would do when forced between obeying authority and listening to their conscience and morals.

Question 12

What is Stanley Milgram’s experiment?

Answer 12

A series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram.

Question 13

What is formal social control?

Answer 13

Carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, employers, military officers, and managers of movie theaters.

Question 14

Who was Emile Durkheim and what did he focus on?

Answer 14

He was a French Sociologist and he formally established the academic discipline of sociology. He focused on criminal acts.

Question 15

What are values?

Answer 15

Intangible qualities or beliefs accepted and endorsed by a given society.

Question 16

Who was Edwin Sutherland and what did he have to do with Criminal Behavior?

Answer 16

He was an American sociologist and he said criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon that includes within its scope the process of making laws, of breaking laws, and of reacting toward the breaking of laws.

Question 17

Who was Travis Hirschi and what did he have to do with conformity?

Answer 17

He was an American sociologist and he said for conformity people will conform to a group when they believe they have more to gain from conformity than by deviance.

Question 18

What is a ritualist?

Answer 18

Someone who has abandoned the goal of material success and become compulsively committed to the institutional means. Work becomes simply a way of life rather than a means to the goal of success.

Question 19

What is an innovator?

Answer 19

Someone who accepts the goals of society but pursues them with means that are regarded as improper.

Question 20

What is a retreatist?

Answer 20

Someone who has basically withdrawn (or retreated) from both the goals and the means of a society.

Question 21

What is Merton’s Deviance research?

Answer 21

Merton examined how people adapted to the acceptance or rejection of a society’s goals.

Question 22

What are norms?

Answer 22

Rules or expectations that are socially enforced. The unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are considered acceptable in a particular social group or culture.

Question 23

What is a formal sanction?

Answer 23

A reward or punishment given by a formal organization or regulatory agency, such as a school, business, or government.

Question 24

What is an informal sanction?

Answer 24

Actions in response to someone’s behavior that may serve to discourage nonconformity or encourage conformity to a norm, rule, or law.

Question 25

What is labeling?

Answer 25

Describing someone or something in a word or short phrase.

Question 26

What is obedience?

Answer 26

Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure.

Question 27

What is defiance?

Answer 27

The initial violation of a social norm, about which no inferences are made regarding the motives or character of the person who committed the act.

Question 28

What is informal social control?

Answer 28

Control that is used to casually enforce norms. This includes things like smiles, laughter, ridicule, and raising an eyebrow.

Question 29

What is a stigma?

Answer 29

The labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups.

Question 30

What is ethnic succession?

Answer 30

The sequential passage of leadership from Irish Americans in the early part of the 20th century to Jewish Americans in the 1920s and then to Italian Americans in the early 1930s.

Question 31

What are the steps for reframing/dissociating?

Answer 31

1. Be willing to be deviant
2. Negative experience
3. Be willing to try again
4. Disattend to necessary components
5. Repeated future repetitions makes the act more routine
6. Dissociation is complete when the individual no longer needs to disattend

Question 32

What are the elements we learned about Hitmen?

Answer 32

• No idea how many they have killed
• Take pride in their skill(and pay)
• Must reframe to dissociate their terrible profession from self image
• Dissociative track allows them to create what Pete called “Coldness”

Question 33

What is dissociation?

Answer 33

Trauma-related detachment of the sociological and psychological selves and the subsequent amplification of the sociological self.

Question 34

What are the three things that are important to the contract killer?

Answer 34

1. Contract
2. Reputation
3. Skill

Question 35

What is negative experience?

Answer 35

A feeling of disorientation associated with a behavior that is outside of the norms of society.

Question 36

What is frame break?

Answer 36

When the expected result of a behavior is not what actually occurs.

Question 37

What is disattendance?

Answer 37

Ignoring or blocking out the features of the negative experience.

Question 38

What is reframing?

Answer 38

The process of changing norms to justify behavior.

Question 39

Who did the Stanford prison experiment?

Answer 39

Professor Philip G. Zimbardo.