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Abby 2024 Flashcards > Sociology Exam #1 > Flashcards

Sociology Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

the supposition that social and economic differences between races are the result of immutable, inherited, and inborn distinctions

A

Biological determinism

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2
Q

occurs when a foreign power invades a territory and establishes enduring systems of exploitation and domination over that territory’s indigenous populations

A

Colonialism

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3
Q

ideology that explains contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial phenomena

A

Colorblind racism

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4
Q

discrimination that is not easy to recognize, often institutional (unfair housing practices)

A

Covert racism

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5
Q

actions that have a differential and negative impact on members of a subordinate group (can happen in absence of prejudice)

A

discrimination

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6
Q

political, social, and economic power wielded over subordinate groups; as well as the symbolic power to classify one group as “normal” and other groups as “abnormal”

A

domination

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7
Q

a shared lifestyle informed by cultural, historical, religious, and national affiliations

A

ethnicity

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8
Q

a mistaken belief or misunderstanding based on an unsound argument

A

fallacy

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9
Q

racism is assumed to belong to the realm of ideas and prejudices (not always intentional)

A

Individualistic fallacy

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10
Q

assumes that abolishing racist laws (or instituting antiracist laws) effectively eliminates racism (but there’s a difference between de jure and facto)

A

Legalistic fallacy

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11
Q

assumes that the presence of people of color in influential positions is evidence that racism no longer exists (but, people of color remain disadvantaged)

A

Tokenistic fallacy

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12
Q

assumes history is inconsequential (but, everything socially constructed is historically constructed)

A

Ahistorical fallacy

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13
Q

assumes racism is fixed and constant across time and space (but, racism is always morphing and changing)

A

Fixed fallacy

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14
Q

the systemic domination of people of color, embedded and operating in universities, corporations, legal systems, political bodies, and other social collectivities

A

Institutional racism

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15
Q

prejudice results from group competition over scarce resources

A

Intergroup conflict theory

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16
Q

interpersonal contact (under the right conditions) is the most effective way to reduce prejudice between groups

A

intergroup contact theory

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17
Q

racial domination manifested in our dispositions, interactions, and practices; racism that happens between individuals or between groups through interactions.

A

Interpersonal racism

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18
Q

the idea that social categorizations such as race, class, gender, and sexuality are interconnected and they create overlapping and interdependent systems of privilege and discrimination

A

Intersectionality

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19
Q

one of the primary identifying characteristic of an individual within a given society

A

Master status

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20
Q

brief, everyday exchanges that send denigrating messages to certain individuals because of their group membership

A

Microaggressions

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21
Q

citizenship or continued residence in a nation

A

Nationality

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22
Q

subtle, institutional, and ostensibly race-neutral form of racism

A

New racism

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23
Q

discrimination that is recognizable, intent is clear

A

Overt racism

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24
Q

observable, physical/visible characteristics

A

Phenotype

25
Q

specific type of physiognomy that links head size/shape with mental faculties/fortitude; the idea is that the skull fits the brain like a glove, therefore measuring the head will determine mental skill/capacity

A

Phrenology

26
Q

a pseudoscience that links physical features with psychological and intellectual characteristics; a type of biological determinism

A

Physiognomy

27
Q

a negative attitude or ideas about a person based on their perceived group membership

A

Prejudice

28
Q

a collection of unearned cultural, political, economic, and social advantages possessed by members of a social majority group

A

Privilege

29
Q

a symbolic category, based on phenotype or ancestry and constructed according to specific social and historical contexts, that is often misrecognized as a natural category (social)

A

Race

30
Q

the process by which race (socio-historical concept) is shaped by broad societal forces (politics, economy); racial meanings have varied tremendously over time and between societies

A

Racial formation

31
Q

a reality that is created by humans through social processes and is not rooted in anything objectively “real,” objective, or natural

A

Social construction

32
Q

a complex set of social norms and persistent patterns of social organization that meet the needs of some aspects of human society (use “Packers” instead of “sports”)

A

Social institution

33
Q

the social group considered to have the most power in a particular place

A

Social majority

34
Q

any category of people distinguished from the majority group (by physical or cultural differences) and that is socially subordinated to the majority group

A

Social minority

35
Q

theory that prejudice results from societal norms, usually taught at a young age

A

Socialization theory

36
Q

an unreliable generalization about all members of a group

A

Stereotype

37
Q

privilege possessed by people of Anglo-European descent or by those who pass as such; lack of disadvantage on the basis of race

A

White privilege

38
Q

the belief that white people constitute a superior race and should therefore dominate society; typically to the exclusion or detriment of other racial and ethnic groups

A

White supremacy

39
Q

areas of social life that individuals are directly aware

A

Personal troubles

40
Q

transcend the local environment of the individual and involve structures/systems and history of society

A

Public issues

41
Q

being able to recognize that individual experience and social context are intertwined; allows us to understand the larger impact of society on an individual’s life

A

Sociological imagination

42
Q

the argument that racial discrimination is embedded in the laws, regulations, rules, and procedures of American institutions

A

Critical race theory

43
Q

the process by which social economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories, and by which they are in turn shaped by racial meanings

A

Racial formation

44
Q

conscious and intentional discriminatory actions

A

Microassaults

45
Q

verbal, nonverbal, and environmental communications that subtly convey rudeness and insensitivity that demean a person’s racial heritage or identity

A

Microinsults

46
Q

communications that subtly exclude, negate or nullify the thoughts, feelings, or experimental reality of a person of color

A

Microinvalidations

47
Q

there have been positive changes in white people’s attitudes about race since the civil rights era

A

Racial optimist view

48
Q

a more balanced view; white people’s racial attitudes reflect both progress and resistance. accepting values like equality but rejecting policies that would enact those values like affirmative action

A

Racial pessoptimist view

49
Q

blend of anti-black and traditional American moral values

A

Symbolic racism view

50
Q

white prejudice is an ideology that defends white privilege

A

Sense of group position view

51
Q

English: anti interracial marriage Spain: pro interracial marriage

A

English vs Spanish conquests

52
Q

as colonization expanded, demand for servants increased; European servants began to be seen as distinct from African servants; US constitution legalized slavery “necessary evil”

A

Origins of American slavery

53
Q

“separate but equal” doctrine; legal basis for racial segregation and Jim Crow

A

Plessy v Ferguson

54
Q

was 3/32 black and wanted birth certificate to say white. rule was 1/32 black could be white

A

Susie Guillory Phipps

55
Q

explicitly banned Chinese “sex workers” from entering the U.S. but effectively banned all Chinese women from entering the U.S.

A

Page Law

56
Q

prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years

A

Chinese exclusion act

57
Q

state and local laws and policies enforcing racial segregation

A

Jim Crow

58
Q

prejudice is not always openly expressed; sued for housing discrimination; charged with using race as a factor in accepting applications for apartments; little media coverage; recording of him was leaked making racial statements; was forced by NBA to sell the Clippers

A

Donald Sterling

Abby 2024 Flashcards (9 decks)

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