Sociology Chapter 2

Question 1

What is Quantive Data?

Answer 1

Where data is gathered or translated into numbers.

Question 2

What is Qualitative Data?

Answer 2

Where data is gathered into words, narrative’s, and impressions. (Would lose value and meaning if translated into numbers).

Question 3

What is the definition of culture?

Answer 3

Society’s entire way of life.

Question 4

What is material culture?

Answer 4

The physical things created by members of society.

Question 5

What is non-material culture?

Answer 5

Ideas created by members of a society.

Question 6

How many different languages are spoken in the U.S.?

Answer 6

382 languages are spoken in the United States.

Question 7

How many languages are spoken in the world?

Answer 7

7,000 Global Languages

Question 8

What are the four common elements of culture?

Answer 8

Language , Values, Symbols, and Norms

Question 9

What are the two second languages of the world?

Answer 9

English and Spanish

Question 10

What percentage of U.S. adults are functionally illiterate?

Answer 10

14%

Question 11

What is the definition of “Norms”

Answer 11

Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of it’s members.

Question 12

What is “Mores”?

Answer 12

Refers to Norms that are widely observed that have great moral significance.

Question 13

What are Folkways?

Answer 13

routine “norms” for casual interactions. (Basic rules of everyday life). Every day politeness/ediquette

Question 14

Cultural Symbols are?

Answer 14

anything that carries a specific meaning recognized by people who share a culture.

Question 15

What is Social Control?

Answer 15

Attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior.

Question 16

What is Sociocultural Evolution?

Answer 16

Historical changes in culture brought about by new technology.

Question 17

What are the four levels of Sociocultural Evolution?

Answer 17

Hunting/gathering, Horticulture/pastoralism, Agriculture, and Industrialism

Question 18

What is Post Industrialism?

Answer 18

Production of information using computer technology.

Question 19

What is High Culture?

Answer 19

The elite of society.

Question 20

What is Popular Culture?

Answer 20

Widespread Cultural patterns among a population. Known as “pop culture”.

Question 21

What is Subculture?

Answer 21

Cultural patterns that are set apart by groups of a society’s population. Such as “beach crowd”, or “Chopper Riders”.

Question 22

What is Multiculturalism?

Answer 22

Recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S. and promoting equal standing for cultural traditions.

Question 23

What is Euro-centrism?

Answer 23

Dominance of European culture patterns.

Question 24

What is Afro-centrism?

Answer 24

Promoting African culture patterns.

Question 25

What is Anglicization?

Answer 25

Adoption of English Ways.

Question 26

What is counter culture?

Answer 26

Culture patterns that oppose those widely accepted within a society.

Question 27

What is cultural integration?

Answer 27

Close relationships among various elements of a cultural system. (such as when a woman has a career it effects the childbirth age and the divorce rate).

Question 28

What is Cultural Lag? Coined by William Ogburn.

Answer 28

Some elements change more quickly than others. Disrupting a cultural system.( technology moves faster than ideas can keep up with)

Question 29

What is cultural change?

Answer 29

Change by invention, discovery, or diffusion.

Question 30

What is Cultural Diffusion?

Answer 30

Spread of culture traits from one society to another.

Question 31

What is Ethnocentrism?

Answer 31

The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.

Question 32

What is cultural relativism?

Answer 32

The practice of judging a culture by it's own standards.

Question 33

Define Global Economy

Answer 33

The flow of goods throughout the world.

Question 34

Define Global Communications

Answer 34

The flow of information throughout the world

Question 35

Define Global Migration

Answer 35

The flow of people throughout the world.

Question 36

Define structural functional strategy

Answer 36

complex strategy for meeting human needs. Thinking functionally helps us understand an unfamiliar way of life.

Question 37

What are Cultural Universals?

Answer 37

Traits that are part of every culture. Common elements such as family. Jokes are also a universal culture.

Question 38

What is Sociobiology?

Answer 38

A Theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture.

Question 39

What is the Sapir- Whorf Thesis?

Answer 39

The idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language.

Question 40

Our diverse society is due to?

Answer 40

Immigration, social class

Question 41

Gerhard Lenski is known for?

Answer 41

Technology is critical.

Question 42

What is real culture?

Answer 42

occurs in everyday life.

Question 43

What is ideal culture?

Answer 43

The standards that a society tries to live up to.

Question 44

What is cultural knowledge?

Answer 44

Cultural knowledge is made up of culture general and culture specific knowledge.

Question 45

What is static elements society?

Answer 45

Content to live in an environment that does not change. Governed by tradition. Lives as same as generations before.

Question 46

What is Egalitarian Society?

Answer 46

Equality for all; natural state of humanity.

Question 47

What is Agrarian Society?

Answer 47

Large Scale agriculture using plows. Live in permanent settlements.

Question 48

Culture acts as a constraint because?

Answer 48

culture habits are repeated.

Question 49

What is social inequality?

Answer 49

Unevenly distributed resources, based on social status not merit.