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Hannah Brotherton > sociology 201-001 with Jamie Boydstun test 2 > Flashcards

sociology 201-001 with Jamie Boydstun test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

define Socialization

A

the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group

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2
Q

the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group

A

socialization definition

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3
Q

define The self

A

a distinct identity that sets us apart from others

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4
Q

a distinct identity that sets us apart from others

A

The self definition

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5
Q

define Looking-glass self

A

a self-image based on how we think others see us
-Charles Horton Cooley

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6
Q

a self-image based on how we think others see us
-Charles Horton Cooley

A

Looking-glass self definition

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7
Q

Stages of the Self

A
  1. Preparatory mimic gestures and words
  2. Play-pretend or play the role of a particular other
  3. Game-organized games and take on several roles
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8
Q

define generalized other

A

perspectives and expectations of society that a child learns and uses to shape their own behavior
-George Herbert Mead

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9
Q

perspectives and expectations of society that a child learns and uses to shape their own behavior
-George Herbert Mead

A

generalized other

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10
Q

define impression management

A

efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
-Erving Goffman
-presenting ourselves in a favorable way (dress nicely, actively listen, engage in the conversation, act like you’re interested,smiling, eye contact, etc.)

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11
Q

efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
-Erving Goffman
-presenting ourselves in a favorable way (dress nicely, actively listen, engage in the conversation, act like you’re interested,smiling, eye contact, etc.)

A

impression management

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12
Q

define Dramaturgy

A

the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
~this is what actors do, it could be in a play or a tv show, but those real-life people are portraying a character, so they must understand how the character thinks to be able to play that character
-Erving Goffman

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13
Q

the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
~this is what actors do, it could be in a play or a tv show, but those real-life people are portraying a character, so they must understand how the character thinks to be able to play that character
-Erving Goffman

A

dramaturgy

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14
Q

define Personal front

A

Performance tactics, such as clothing, appearance, manner
~you can normally tell someone’s occupation based on their clothing and objects they’re holding or around
-a doctor wears scrubs, a white coat, they hold a tablet/clipboard, and typically a stethoscope
-Erving Goffman

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15
Q

Performance tactics, such as clothing, appearance, manner
~you can normally tell someone’s occupation based on their clothing and objects they’re holding or around
-a doctor wears scrubs, a white coat, they hold a tablet/clipboard, and typically a stethoscope
-Erving Goffman

A

personal front

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16
Q

define Frontstage

A

places where we deliver our performance

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17
Q

places where we deliver our performance

A

frontstage

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18
Q

define Backstage

A

places where we rehearse and prepare for performances

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19
Q

places where we rehearse and prepare for performances

A

backstage

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20
Q

define Offstage

A

no performance happening at all

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21
Q

no performance happening at all

A

offstage

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22
Q

define Resocialization

A

process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life

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23
Q

process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life

A

resocialization

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24
Q

define Total institution

A

an institution that cuts individuals off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled & regulated
-erving goffman

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25
Q

an institution that cuts individuals off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled & regulated
-erving goffman

A

total institution

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26
Q

4 agents of socialization and explain them

A
  1. family
    -most important
    -Teaches basic values and norms which shape identity
  2. school
    -Provide education
    -hidden curriculum
  3. Peer Groups
    -Typically replace influence of family during teen years
  4. mass media
    -Defines what is important in society
    -Presents ideal images
    -Reinforces gender roles
    -Reproduces stereotypes
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27
Q

Hidden curriculum

A

set of values and behaviors deemed important in life

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28
Q

set of values and behaviors deemed important in life

A

hidden curriculum

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29
Q

define Status

A

a position in society that comes with a set of expectations

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30
Q

a position in society that comes with a set of expectations

A

status

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31
Q

define Ascribed status

A

received at birth, they’re given to us

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32
Q

received at birth, they’re given to us

A

ascribed status

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33
Q

define Embodied status

A

generated by physical characteristics

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34
Q

generated by physical characteristics

A

embodied status

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35
Q

define Achieved status

A

earned through personal effort

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36
Q

earned through personal effort

A

achieved status

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37
Q

define Master status

A

a status that is always relevant

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38
Q

a status that is always relevant

A

master status

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39
Q

define Roles

A

set of behaviors expected from a particular status

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40
Q

set of behaviors expected from a particular status

A

roles

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41
Q

define Role strain

A

occurs when roles attached to a single status lead to competing demands

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42
Q

occurs when roles attached to a single status lead to competing demands

A

role strain

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43
Q

define Role conflict

A

occurs when roles attached with one status clash with that of a different status

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44
Q

occurs when roles attached with one status clash with that of a different status

A

role conflict

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45
Q

define Role exit

A

process of leaving a role that we will no longer occupy

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46
Q

process of leaving a role that we will no longer occupy

A

role exit

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47
Q

define Role-taking emotions

A

emotions that require that we take the perspective of another person

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48
Q

emotions that require that we take the perspective of another person

A

role-taking emotion

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49
Q

define Feeling rules

A

norms regarding the expression and display of emotions

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50
Q

norms regarding the expression and display of emotions

A

feeling rules

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51
Q

define Emotional labor

A

process of evoking, suppressing, or managing feelings to create a public display of emotion

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52
Q

process of evoking, suppressing, or managing feelings to create a public display of emotion

A

emotional labor

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53
Q

define Group

A

a collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other

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54
Q

a collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other

A

group

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55
Q

define Primary groups

A

composed of people who are most important to our sense of self

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56
Q

composed of people who are most important to our sense of self

A

primary groups

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57
Q

define Secondary groups

A

larger and less personal

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58
Q

larger and less personal

A

secondary groups

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59
Q

define Social network

A

the web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people

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60
Q

the web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people

A

social network

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61
Q

define Social ties

A

connections between individuals

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62
Q

connections between individuals

A

social ties

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63
Q

define Durkheim’s anomie

A

loss of purpose that results from weaker social bonds

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64
Q

loss of purpose that results from weaker social bonds

A

Durkheim’s anomie

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65
Q

define Group dynamics

A

patterns of interaction between group and individuals

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66
Q

patterns of interaction between group and individuals

A

group dynamics

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67
Q

define Dyad

A

two person social group

68
Q

two person social group

A

dyad

69
Q

define Triad

A

a three person social group

70
Q

a three person social group

A

triad

71
Q

define In-group

A

a group that identifies with and feels loyalty toward

72
Q

a group that identifies with and feels loyalty toward

A

in-group

73
Q

define Out-group

A

a group that a person feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility toward

74
Q

a group that a person feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility toward

A

out-group

75
Q

define Reference group

A

a group that provides a standard of comparison against which we evaluate ourselves

76
Q

a group that provides a standard of comparison against which we evaluate ourselves

A

reference group

77
Q

define Group cohesion

A

the sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong

78
Q

the sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong

A

group cohesion

79
Q

define Groupthink

A

the tendency of very cohesive groups to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement

80
Q

the tendency of very cohesive groups to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement

A

groupthink

81
Q

define Social influence

A

the influence of the group on individual attitudes and behaviors

82
Q

the influence of the group on individual attitudes and behaviors

A

social influence

83
Q

What is Durkheim’s term for a state of normlessness?

A

anomie

84
Q

define Compliance

A

actions to gain reward or avoid punishment

85
Q

actions to gain reward or avoid punishment

A

compliance

86
Q

define Identification

A

conformity to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or group

87
Q

conformity to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or group

A

identification

88
Q

define Internalization

A

an individual adopts the beliefs or actions of a group as their own

89
Q

an individual adopts the beliefs or actions of a group as their own

A

internalization

90
Q

define Social loafing

A

as more people are added to a task, each one takes it a little easier

91
Q

as more people are added to a task, each one takes it a little easier

A

social loafing

92
Q

define Power

A

the ability to control the actions of others

93
Q

the ability to control the actions of others

A

power

94
Q

define Coercive power

A

backed by the threat of force

95
Q

backed by the threat of force

A

coercive power

96
Q

define Influential power

A

supported by persuasion

97
Q

supported by persuasion

A

influential power

98
Q

Max Weber’s three types of authority are

A
  1. traditional
  2. legal-rational
  3. charismatic
99
Q

define Traditional authority

A

based in custom, birthright, or divine right

100
Q

based in custom, birthright, or divine right

A

traditional authority

101
Q

define Legal-rational authority

A

based on laws, rules, and procedures

102
Q

based on laws, rules, and procedures

A

legal-rational authority

103
Q

define Charismatic authority

A

based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader

104
Q

based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader

A

charismatic authority

105
Q

define Instrumental leader

A

task or goal oriented; concerned with getting the job done

106
Q

task or goal oriented; concerned with getting the job done

A

instrumental leader

107
Q

define Expressive leader

A

concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group

108
Q

concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group

A

expressive leader

109
Q

define Bureaucracy

A

a type of secondary group designed to perform tasks efficiently

110
Q

a type of secondary group designed to perform tasks efficiently

A

bureaucracy

111
Q

Characteristics of a Bureaucracy

A
  1. Specialization
  2. Hierarchy of authority
  3. Rules & regulations
  4. Formal written communication
  5. Impersonal
  6. Technical competence
112
Q

define Specialization

A

specialized experts perform specific tasks

113
Q

specialized experts perform specific tasks

A

specialization

114
Q

define Hierarchy of authority

A

each position is under supervision

115
Q

each position is under supervision

A

hierarchy of authority

116
Q

define Rules & regulations

A

ensure uniform performance of tasks

117
Q

ensure uniform performance of tasks

A

rules and regulations

118
Q

define Formal written communication

A

ensure effective communication

119
Q

ensure effective communication

A

formal written communication

120
Q

define Impersonal

A

rules before people

121
Q

rules before people

A

impersonal

122
Q

define Technical competence

A

members meet given qualifications for their role

123
Q

members meet given qualifications for their role

A

technical competence

124
Q

McDonaldization of Society (Ritzer 1993)

A

Emphasizes the standardized consumer experience

125
Q

Emphasizes the standardized consumer experience

A

McDonaldization of Society (Ritzer 1993)

126
Q

define Deviance

A

a behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm

127
Q

a behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm

A

deviance

128
Q

define Social control

A

formal and informal strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society

129
Q

formal and informal strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society

A

social control

130
Q

Social Control Theory

A

argues that strong bonds increase conformity and decrease deviance

131
Q

argues that strong bonds increase conformity and decrease deviance

A

social control theory

132
Q

Structural strain theory

A

there are goals in our society that people want to achieve, but they cannot always reach these goals

133
Q

there are goals in our society that people want to achieve, but they cannot always reach these goals

A

structural strain theory

134
Q

define Differential association

A

deviance is learned through interacting with deviant peers

135
Q

deviance is learned through interacting with deviant peers

A

differential association

136
Q

define Labeling theory

A

deviance is caused by external judgments (labels) that change a person’s self-concept and the way others respond to them
-developed by Howard Becker

137
Q

deviance is caused by external judgments that change a person’s self-concept and the way others respond to them
-developed by Howard Becker

A

labeling theory

138
Q

define Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

a prediction that causes itself to come true

139
Q

a prediction that causes itself to come true

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

140
Q

define Stereotype threat

A

self-fulfilling prophecy in which negative stereotypes about one’s social group causes poor performance

141
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy in which negative stereotypes about one’s social group causes poor performance

A

Stereotype threat

142
Q

define Stereotype promise

A

self-fulfilling prophecy in which positive stereotypes lead to positive performance outcomes

143
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy in which positive stereotypes lead to positive performance outcomes

A

Stereotype promise

144
Q

define Crime

A

violation of a norm that has been codified into law

145
Q

violation of a norm that has been codified into law

A

Crime

146
Q

Criminal justice system includes:

A

police, courts, corrections

147
Q

define Violent crime

A

crimes against the person

148
Q

crimes against the person

A

violent crime

149
Q

define Property crime

A

crimes against property

150
Q

crimes against property

A

property crime

151
Q

define Victimless crime

A

willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services

152
Q

willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services

A

victimless crime

153
Q

define White-collar crime

A

crime committed by a high-status person in the course of their occupation

154
Q

crime committed by a high-status person in the course of their occupation

A

white-collar crime

155
Q

define Victimization surveys

A

surveys of ordinary people to determine whether they have been victims of crime

156
Q

surveys of ordinary people to determine whether they have been victims of crime

A

victimization surveys

157
Q

Types of Punishment

A
  1. Deterrence
  2. Retribution
  3. Incapacitation
  4. Rehabilitation
158
Q

define Deterrence

A

prevent crime by threatening harsh penalties

159
Q

prevent crime by threatening harsh penalties

A

deterrence

160
Q

define Retribution

A

retaliate or take revenge for a crime that’s been committed

161
Q

retaliate or take revenge for a crime that’s been committed

A

retribution

162
Q

define Incapacitation

A

remove criminals from society by imprisoning them

163
Q

remove criminals from society by imprisoning them

A

Incapacitation

164
Q

define Rehabilitation

A

reform criminals so that they may reenter society

165
Q

reform criminals so that they may reenter society

A

rehabilitation

Hannah Brotherton (18 decks)

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