SOCIOLOGY Flashcards
provide us with different perspectives with which to view our social world.
sociology
simple way of looking at the world
perspective
set of interrelated propositions or principles designed to answer a question or explain a particular phenomenon; it provides us with a perspective.
theory
help us to explain and predict the social world in which we live.
sociological theory
Sociology includes three major theoretical perspectives:
functionalist perspective
conflict perspective
symbolic interactionist perspective
society is a system of interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium for the whole.
functionalism
emphasizes the interconnectedness of society by focusing on how each part influences and is influenced by other parts.
functionalist perspective
Functionalists use the terms___ and ___ to describe the effects of social elements on society.
functional and dysfunctional
they contribute to social stability
functional
they disrupt social stability.
dysfunctional
two types of functions
manifest function and latent function
are consequences that are intended and commonly recognized
manifest function
not obvious and can go unrecognized in society
latent function
views society as composed of different groups and interests; competing for power and resources. It explains various aspects of our social world by looking at which groups have power and benefit from a particular social arrangement.
conflict perspective
The origins of the conflict perspective can be traced to the classic works
karl marx
suggested that all societies go through stages of economic development. As societies evolve from agricultural to industrial, concern over meeting survival needs is replaced by concern over making a profit, the hallmark of a capitalist system.
karl marx
concerned with the social psychological dynamics of individuals interacting in small groups.
micro sociology
emphasizes that human behavior is influenced by definitions and meanings that are created and maintained through symbolic interaction with others.
symbolic interactionism
___suggests that our identity or sense of self is shaped by social interaction. We develop our self-concept by observing how others interact with us a label us. By observing how others view us, we see
a reflection ourselves that ___ calls the “____
symbolic interaction
cooley
looking glass self
____ describes how the individual mind and self arises out of the social process. Instead of approaching human experience in terms of individual psychology, _____ analyzes experience from the “standpoint of communication as essential to the social order.”
george herbert mead
-self is a social emergen (self emerges from our social interactions and socialization-how u are socialize in the norms and standards of society is a reflection of urself)
george herbert mead
Mead points out two uses of the term “consciousness”: (1) “consciousness” may denote “a certain feeling consciousness” which is the outcome of an organism’s sensitivity to its environment (in this sense, animals, in so far as they act with reference to events in their environments, are conscious); and (2) “consciousness” may refer to a form of awareness “which always has, implicitly at least, the reference to an ‘I’ in it” (that is, the term “consciousness” may mean self– consciousness)
the result of a process in which the individual takes the attitudes of others toward herself, in which she attempts to view herself from the standpoint of others.
self consciousness
is communication via “significant symbols,” and it is through significant communication that the individual is able to take the attitudes of others toward herself.
language
Mead’s account of the social emergence of the self is developed further through an elucidation of three forms of inter-subjective activity:
language, game, play
man lives in a world of meaning
george herbert mead
anthropology from the greek word ___ meaning ___
anthropos meaning “human” and “logy” refers to study of
the study of humanity.
anthropology
study of everything and anything that makes us human, from cultures, to languages, to material remains and human evolution,
anthropology
4 subfields of anthropology
CLAB
cultural
linguistic
archeology
biological
aims to solve specific practical problems in collaboration with governmental, non-profit, and community organizations as well as businesses and corporations.
applied anthropology
study the similarities and differences among living societies and cultural groups
cultural anthropologist
powerful defining characteristic of human groups that shapes our perceptions, behaviors, and relationships. is the “air we breathe:” it sustains and comprises us, yet we largely take it for granted. We are not always consciously aware of our own
culture
the study of human origins, evolution, and variation.
biological anthropology
In all cultures, people can be observed to project multiple, inconsistent self-representations that are context-dependent and may shift rapidly. At any particular moment, a person usually experiences his or her articulated self as a symbolic, timeless whole but this self may be quickly displaced by another quite different self, which is based on a different definition of the situation; we have multiple self that we use to represent depending on context
katherine ewing
