Socioemotional development in Infancy Flashcards
feeling or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being.
a. feelings
b. emotion
c. emotional
d. affection
emotion
present in humans and animals and emerge early in life
a. primary feelings
b. secondary emotions
c. secondary feelings
d. primary emotions
primary emotions
require self-awareness that involves consciousness and a sense of “me”
a. self-awareness emotions
b. self-esteem
c. self-worth feelings
d. self-conscious emotions
self-conscious emotions
the most important mechanism newborns have for communicating with their world
a. crying
b. playing
c. smiling
d. laughing
crying
a rhythmic pattern that consists of a cry, followed by silence, a shorter whistle, rest before the next cry
a. basic cry
b. anger cry
c. pain cry
Basic cry
a variation of basic cry in which more excess air is forced through the vocal cords
a. basic cry
b. anger cry
c. pain cry
Anger cry
sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding
a. basic cry
b. anger cry
c. pain cry
pain cry
a key social signal and a very important aspect of positive social interaction in developing a new social skill
a. crying
b. playing
c. smiling
d. laughing
smiling
a smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli. It appears during the first month after birth, usually during sleep.
a. reflexing smile
b. social smile
reflexive smile
a smile that occurs in response to an external stimulus; occurs as early as 2 months of age
a. reflexing smile
b. social smile
social smile
one of a baby’s earliest emotions; occurs at 6 months and peaks at 18 months
a. Fear
b. anxiety
c. separation protest
d. Stranger anxiety
Fear
infant shows a fear and wariness of strangers
a. Fear
b. anxiety
c. separation protest
d. Stranger anxiety
stranger anxiety
an infant’s distressed crying when the caregiver leaves.
a. Fear
b. anxiety
c. separation protest
d. Stranger anxiety
separation protest
Involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding
a. trait
b. personality
c. temperament
d. characteristic
Temperament
a child who is generally on a positive mood, quickly establishes general routines and adapts easily to new experiences
a. Easy child
b. difficult child
c. slow-to-warm-up child
easy child
a child who tends to react negatively, and cry frequently, engages in irregular daily routines and is slow to accept change
a. Easy child
b. difficult child
c. slow-to-warm-up child
difficult child
a child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood
a. Easy child
b. difficult child
c. slow-to-warm-up child
slow-to-warm-up child
1st stage of Psychosocial development that refers to a situation when:
- Infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner
- If the infant is not well fed and kept warm on a consistent basis, mistrust develops
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame & doubt refers to toddler’s?
a. resilience
b. independence
c. autonomy
independence
2nd stage of Psychosocial development
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
- It’s important for parents to recognize the motivation of toddlers to do what they are capable of doing at their own pace
- Infants feel pride in new accomplishments and want to do everything themselves.
a. shame
b. doubt
c. autonomy
autonomy
consistently overprotecting children or criticizing small accidents (wetting, soiling, spilling, breaking) that children develop an excessive shame and doubt about their ability to control themselves and their world
a. autonomy
b. trust
c. shame and doubt
d. embarassment
shame & doubt
Infants respond more positively to people than objects
at 2 to 3 months of age
Increases in imitative and reciprocal play between
18-24 months
a. face-to-face play
b. locomotion
c. social referencing
d. attachment
Face-to-face play
Increased locomotion skills allow infants to explore and expand their social world
a. face-to-face play
b. locomotion
c. social referencing
d. attachment
locomotion
“reading” emotional cues in others to determine how to act in a particular situation
a. face-to-face play
b. locomotion
c. social referencing
d. attachment
social referencing
a close emotional bond between two people
a. face-to-face play
b. locomotion
c. social referencing
d. attachment
attachment
infants become attached to the person that provides oral satisfaction
a. Freud
b. Harlow
c. Erikson
d. Bowlby
Freud
contact comfort preferred over food; monkey experiment on attachment
a. Freud
b. Harlow
c. Erikson
d. Bowlby
Harlow
trust arises from physical comfort and sensitive care
a. Freud
b. Harlow
c. Erikson
d. Bowlby
Erikson
infants and their caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments
a. Freud
b. Harlow
c. Erikson
d. Bowlby
Bowlbly
an observational measure of infant attachment that requires the infant to move through a series of introductions, separations and reunions with the caregiver and an adult stranger in a prescribed order
Strange situation
babies who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment
a. securely attached babies
b. insecure avoidant babies
c. insecure resistant babies
d. insecure disorganized babies
securely attached babies
babies who show insecurity by avoiding the caregiver. Leaning away or looking away
a. securely attached babies
b. insecure avoidant babies
c. insecure resistant babies
d. insecure disorganized babies
Insecure avoidant babies
babies who often cling to the caregiver, then resist the caregiver by fighting against the closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away
a. securely attached babies
b. insecure avoidant babies
c. insecure resistant babies
d. insecure disorganized babies
Insecure resistant babies
babies who show insecurity by being disorganized and disoriented. Confused and fearful
a. securely attached babies
b. insecure avoidant babies
c. insecure resistant babies
d. insecure disorganized babies
Insecure disorganized babies
The proponent of “Strange Situation”
Mary Ainsworth
Strange situation is composed of how many stages?
Eight stages
a type of attachment, that refers to a baby who shows distress when separated from mother; avoidant of stranger, unless accompanied by mother; happy to see mother after separation
a. secure attachment
b. ambivalent attachment
c. avoidant attachment
d. disorganized attachment
secure attachment
a type of attachment, that refers to a baby who shows intense distress when separated from mother; significant fear of stranger; approach mother but reject contact after separation
a. secure attachment
b. ambivalent attachment
c. avoidant attachment
d. disorganized attachment
ambivalent attachment
a type of attachment, that refers to a baby who shows no interest when separated from mother; play happily with stranger; ignore mother after separation
a. secure attachment
b. ambivalent attachment
c. avoidant attachment
d. disorganized attachment
avoidant attachment
a type of attachment that was added by Main and Solomon (1990), that refers to a baby who shows inconsistent attachment behaviors
a. secure attachment
b. ambivalent attachment
c. avoidant attachment
d. disorganized attachment
disorganized attachment
differences in infants’ attachment styles are dependent on the mother’s behavior during a critical period of development.
Caregiver Sensitivity Hypothesis
