Physical Development In Infancy Flashcards
A pattern of growth that refers to a sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs from top downward
Cephalocaudal Pattern
A pattern of growth that refers to a sequence in which growth stars in the center of the body and moves toward the extremities
Proximodistal Pattern
Newborns lose -% of their body weight in the first several days of life
5-7%
Should have ___ their weight by their 1st birthday
tripled
Weigh of an infant at 2 yrs of age
12-14.5 kg
The baby reaches what height in 12 months?
75 cm
The brain contains approximately ___ billion neurons at birth
100 billion
brain swelling and hemorrhaging from child abuse trauma
Shaken baby syndrome
a nerve cells that handles information processing
Neurons
layer of fat cells, encases axons; provides energy to neurons
Myelin sheath
release chemicals called neurotransmitters
Terminal buttons
process of encasing axons with fat cells
Continued myelination
What’s the usual hours of sleep in newborns?
18 hours
What is the most common infant-sleep related problem?
Night waking
known as SIDS that refers to a situation where infants stop breathing and die without apparent cause
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
a severe protein-calorie deficiency resulting in a wasting away of body tissues
Marasmus
a severe protein deficiency that causes the abdomen and feet to swell with water
Kwashiorkor
built-in reactions to stimuli; automatic and inborn
Reflexes
Example of reflexes
- Rooting reflex
- Sucking reflex
- Moro reflex
- Grasping reflex
large-muscle activities
Gross motor skills
what motor skill is developed in the second year of an infant?
- Toddlers become more skilled and mobile
- By 13-18 months, toddlers can pull a toy or climb stair;
- 18-24 months, toddlers can walk quickly, balance on their feet, walk backward and stand and kick a ball
grasping with the whole hand
Palmer grasp
grasping with the thumb and forefinger
Pincer grip
occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors (eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin)
Sensation
the interpretation of what is sensed
Perception
Newborn’s vision is about _ / _ _
20/240
what’s the newborn’s vision when they reached 6 months?
20/40
True or False:
Infants show an interest in human faces soon after birth
True
True or False:
Spend more time looking at their mother’s face than a stranger’s face as early as 12 hours after being born
True
True or False:
A 2-month old scans much more of the face than the 1-month old
True
True or False:
At 3 months, (1) match voices to faces (2) distinguish between male and female (3) discriminate their own ethnic groups to others
True
True or False:
At 4 weeks, infants can discriminate some colors
True
Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk studied development of depth perception using a what?
“visual cliff”
Who studied development of depth perception using a visual cliff?
Eleanor Gibson & Richard Walk
Infants - months old can distinguish depth
6-12 months
True or False:
Fetuses can hear and learn sounds during the last two months of pregnancy and can recognize their mother’s voice at birth
True
True or False:
Newborns do respond to touch and can also feel pain
True
True or False:
Newborns can differentiate odors
Smell
True or False
Sensitivity to taste may be present before birth
True
