Biological Beginnings Flashcards
Best adapted in a species survive and reproduce
Natural Selection
All organisms must adapt to particular places, climates, food sources, and ways of life.
- Infants attachment
- Eagle’s claws
Darwin: On the Origin of Species (1859)
It Emphasizes adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behavior
Evolutionary Psychology
E____ explains human physical features and behaviors
Evolution
Evolution explains human p_____ and b______
Physical features & Behaviors
Favors behaviors that increase reproductive successes– the ability to pass your genes to the next generation
Evolutionary Psychology
thread-like structures composed of DNA molecules
Chromosomes
double helix-shaped molecule
DNA
units of hereditary information
Genes
What are the 3 collaborative genes?
Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes
A center of cell that contains chromosomes and genes
Nucleus
a segment of DNA (spiraled double chain) containing the hereditary code
Gene
cell nucleus duplicates
Mitosis
cell division forms gametes (Eggs, sperms)
Meiosis
egg and sperm form zygote
Fertilization
_ and _ chromosomes determine sex
X & Y
monozygotic twins; a single zygote splits into 2 identical replicas
Identical twins
dizygotic twins; 2 eggs are fertilized by different sperm creating 2 zygotes
Fraternal twins
one gene of a pair always exert its effect
Dominant gene
The gene that gets override a potential influence of the other gene
Recessive gene
Gene linked abnormality of Down syndrome
2 copies of chromosome 21
A sex linked abnormality that has XXY instead of XY
Klinefelter syndrome
A sex linked abnormality that X in boys is fragile, breaks
Fragile X syndrome
A sex linked abnormality that girls is XO instead of XX
Turner syndrome
A sex linked abnormality that link to criminal males unproven
XXY syndrome
A gene-linked abnormality that cannot utilize phenylalanine; treated by diet
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
A gene-linked abnormality that refers to red blood cells affected
Sickle-cell anemia
A course of prenatal development that refers to the creation of fertilized egg; 1st two weeks
Germinal period
A course of prenatal development that refers to the cell differentiation of embryo; 2-8 weeks
Embryonic period
An embryonic period wherein the the digestive/respiratory systems are formed
Endoderm
An embryonic period wherein the the nervous system and sensory receptors are formed
Ectoderm
An embryonic period wherein the circulatory, bones, muscles, excretory and reproductive systems
Mesoderm
organ formation
Organogenesis
A course of prenatal development that lasts for 7 months, 3 trimesters; 2 months to birth
Fetal period
new cells formed
Neurogenesis
cell specialization
Neuronal migration
What are the 6 Prenatal Diagnostic Tests?
- Ultrasound sonography
- Fetal MRI
- Chorionic Villus sampling
- Amniocentesis
- Maternal blood screening
- Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD)
A prenatal diagnostic test that is better than ultrasound
Fetal MRI
A prenatal diagnostic test that samples placenta
Chorionic villus sampling
A prenatal diagnostic test that samples amniotic fluid
Amniocentesis
A prenatal diagnostic test that has triple screen test
Maternal blood screening
A prenatal diagnostic test that tests fetal cells (DNA) in mother’s blood
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD)
Agents causing birth defects Severity of damage affected by - Dose - Genetic susceptibility - Time exposure
Prescription, nonprescription drugs
Teratogens
FAS means?
Fetal Alcohol syndrome
caffeine, cocaine, methamphetamines, marijuana, and heroin
Alcohol and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Nicotine’s link to SIDS, ADHD, low birth weight
Paternal smoking
Psychoactive drugs
