Socio-cultural influence

Question 1

What is a role model?

Answer 1

A role model is a person that is looked up to by others as an example to be imitated.

Question 2

What are the factors affecting participation?

Answer 2

Gender, ethnicity, age and family and friends.

Question 3

How does gender affect participation?

Answer 3

It affects it because boys and men are more likely to engage in sporting activities than women and girls. Discrimination has often meant that girls and women have not been able to compete in the same competitions as men. They have been seen as the weaker sex.

Question 4

How does Ethnicity affect participation?

Answer 4

It affects it because people from ethnic minority backgrounds often play the sports that are associated with their cultures.

Question 5

How does age affect participation?

Answer 5

It affects it because many people who are working do not have the time and the income to spend on sport. Also, age affects participation because flexibility decreases with age, skill levels can improve with age and older people are more likely to suffer injuries.

Question 6

How does family, friends and peers affect participation?

Answer 6

Family:
If one family member is enthusiastic about sport, they will pass it onto another family member. They can also become a role model.
Friends:
If your friends are engaging in sport, you are more likely to do so too.

Question 7

What is commercialisation?

Answer 7

Commercialisation is the management or exploitation of a person, activity or organisation in order to make a profit.

Question 8

What is media?

Answer 8

Media is a diverse range of technologies that act as a means of communication.

Question 9

What role has the media played in the commercialisation of sport?

Answer 9

The role that they have played is that television companies play large sums of money to broadcast sporting events.

Question 10

What are the different types of media?

Answer 10

Broadcast, Radio, Internet and social media, print media and outdoor media.

Question 11

What is a sponsor?

Answer 11

A sponsor is an individual or group that provides financial or other forms of support to an event, activity or a person.

Question 12

What is sponsorship?

Answer 12

Sponsorship is provision of funds or other forms of support to an event, activity or a person.

Question 13

What is technology?

Answer 13

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

Question 14

What are three examples of technology that are used today?

Answer 14

Hawkeye, performance analysis aids and television match official.

Question 15

What are the positive impacts of technology?

Answer 15

Performers:
It can help to improve performance.
Can review decisions that have gone against them.

Sport:
Makes competition fairer.
Guarantees that correct decisions are made.

Officials:

Provides officials with additional help.

Question 16

What is etiquette?

Answer 16

Etiquette is a convention or an unwritten rule in an activity.

Question 17

What is sportsmanship?

Answer 17

Sportsmanship is conforming to the rules.

Question 18

What is gamesmanship?

Answer 18

Gamesmanship is attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to the limit.

Question 19

What is contact to compete?

Answer 19

Contact to compete is an unwritten agreement between opponents to follow and abide by the rules.

Question 20

What are performance-enhancing drugs?

Answer 20

Performance-enhancing drugs are drugs that are prohibited and they alter the biochemical balance in the body. They can affect a performer’s ability.

Question 21

Why do performers take PED’s?

Answer 21

They are perceived to increase a performer’s chances of success, it can lead to fame and fortune and some believe it leads to a level playing field.

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of taking them?

Answer 22

A clean athlete loses out, their reputation is damaged, they can be stripped of their titles and money, can lead to a ban and there are serious side-effects.

Question 23

What are stimulants?

Answer 23

They are prohibited drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system.

Question 24

What are narcotic analgesics?

Answer 24

They are prohibited drugs that reduce the feeling of pain.

Question 25

What are anabolic steroids?

Answer 25

They are hormones that mimic testosterone and are prohibited.

Question 26

What is home advantage?

Answer 26

It is gaining an advantage in a sporting event from being in a familiar surroundings with the majority of the spectators being behind you.

Question 27

What are the positive influences of Spectators?

Answer 27

They create an energetic atmosphere, they are a source of revenue, can give the players a home advantage and can increase the profile of a sport.

Question 28

What is hooliganism?

Answer 28

Hooliganism is the disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at a sporting event.