Socials 8 China Unit 2 Zhou to Siddhartha

Question 1

What is the mandate of Heaven?

Answer 1

That the Gods think you should rule

Question 2

What is a despot?

Answer 2

A person who is in authority who is a tyrant (a bad guy)

Question 3

What did the Zhou believe would happen if the leader became a despot?

Answer 3

That the Gods would take away your power

Question 4

Throughout Chinese history, what did new leaders always say they had?

Answer 4

The Mandate of Heaven

Question 5

Did the defeat of the Shang dynasty mean that Chinese civilization was over?

Answer 5

No the Zhou picked up where the previous dynasty left off.

Question 6

What did the Zhou borrow from the Shang

Answer 6

Anything they admired they took on as their own

Question 7

What was the warring states period of time in China?

Answer 7

A time after the Zhou dynasty fell and warlords were fighting for power

Question 8

Why is the Warring time important?

Answer 8

Because new ‘schools of thought” or ways of thinking emerged

Question 9

What are the three most influential ways of thinking that emerged from the Warring period?

Answer 9

Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism

Question 10

Why did these three new schools of thought emerge?

Answer 10

People were sick and tired of all the fighting and wanted to figure out how to live in harmony

Question 11

Name the philosopher who had the most influence on Chinese society

Answer 11

Confucius

Question 12

What did Confucius hate?

Answer 12

The political turmoil (fighting), that people were not living good lives, and he felt their bad behavior was creating chaos

Question 13

What did Confucius believe about people?

Answer 13

That they were basically good, but needed to be trained by their families and society to behave well

Question 14

To build a harmonious society, what are the five virtues people should have

Answer 14

honest, upright, conscientious, charitable, loving in all relationships

Question 15

What is harmony?

Answer 15

peaceful co-existence

Question 16

What is a philosopher?

Answer 16

someone who seeks wisdom about existence and reality

Question 17

What is Confucianism?

Answer 17

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his followers

Question 18

What does it mean to be moral?

Answer 18

Abiding by a set of rules about right and wrong conduct

Question 19

What does it mean to be ethical?

Answer 19

Making right choices

Question 20

What are the five important relationships in Confusianism

Answer 20

Father/son, ruler/subject, older brother/younger brother, husband/wife, friend and friend

Question 21

What did all but one of Confucianism’s relationships have in common?

Answer 21

Power: only friend/friend did not have one person with more power

Question 22

What did Confucius believe was the responsibility in relationships?

Answer 22

That the person with more power had to act with love and kindness to their inferiors

Question 23

How were women considered during Confucius’ time?

Answer 23

Inferior and with few rights

Question 24

Is Confucianism a religion?

Answer 24

No, it offers guidelines for moral and ethical behavior.

Question 25

How were Han Feizi's beliefs different than Confucius?

Answer 25

Han Feizi felt that people were basically bad, but Confucius thought people were basically good

Question 26

Han Feizi the lead writer of which group?

Answer 26

The Legalists

Question 27

What did Legalists believe

Answer 27

That all people were selfish and greedy. They believed that rulers should be ruthless and strong to make society work.

Question 28

What did Legalists think of Confucius' ideas?

Answer 28

They thought he was totally wrong

Question 29

How did Confucius and Legalists differ in their belief of leadership?

Answer 29

Confucius: people will follow a good leader. Legalists: people will follow because of strong laws and harsh punishment

Question 30

How is Legalist thinking seen today in China?

Answer 30

Very harsh laws and severe punishments for crime even today

Question 31

How is Confucianism seen in China today?

Answer 31

People tend to use Confucius's ideas in government

Question 32

What are the four basic penalties in Chinese law code that still have not changed even though they were made over 2000 years ago?

Answer 32

Beatings, imprisonment, exile, death

Question 33

How were court proceedings different in China?

Answer 33

the person was considered guilty and had to prove their innocence rather than today, in Canada, where people are presumed innocent and have to be proven guilty

Question 34

What was a collective punishment?

Answer 34

Whole towns, families, villages could be punished for one person's crime.

Question 35

How did this collective punishment keep the peace?

Answer 35

Families would put severe pressure on each other to be well behaved.

Question 36

The teachings of Laozi are called

Answer 36

Daoism

Question 37

What was the goal of Daoists?

Answer 37

To live in harmony with nature by following 'Dao' or the way

Question 38

Daoists believed people should study what?

Answer 38

Nature to learn its' ways

Question 39

What did Daoists believe would happen if you did not understand nature?

Answer 39

You would disturb it and that would harm well being of people

Question 40

What did Daoists think about rules and customs?

Answer 40

They did not like rules/customs as they prevented people from acting naturally

Question 41

What is exile?

Answer 41

being forced to live far away from one's community or country

Question 42

What is treason?

Answer 42

Betrayal of one's country or ruler

Question 43

What is an alchemist?

Answer 43

an early chemist whose methods would not be considered scientifically unsound

Question 44

What is immortality?

Answer 44

Endless life

Question 45

What is mercury?

Answer 45

a silver white metal that is liquid at room temperature

Question 46

What is metallurgy

Answer 46

the science of producing and purifying metals

Question 47

What is enlightenment?

Answer 47

being awake to a great reality, which most people never achieve.

Question 48

What did Daoists try to strengthen in people?

Answer 48

Their natural energy 'Qu'

Question 49

What did Daoists try to learn how do do?

Answer 49

Live forever: Be immortal

Question 50

What did Daostists believe about money?

Answer 50

That wealth makes people feel too superior, makes them greedy and leads to disharmony and conflict

Question 51

What was Daoists favorite substance to work with?

Answer 51

Mercury

Question 52

Which approach came to China from India?

Answer 52

Buddhism created by a man called Siddhartha

Question 53

Who was Siddhartha?

Answer 53

The creator of Buddhism, he was an Indian prince

Question 54

What did Siddhartha seek to find out about?

Answer 54

He gave up a wealthy life to find out about the suffering of the world.

Question 55

What did Siddhartha find?

Answer 55

He found “enlightenment”

Question 56

What was Siddhartha's new name

Answer 56

Buddha

Question 57

What did Buddha believe caused suffering

Answer 57

People are too concerned with themselves and their own desires and needs

Question 58

What is meditation?

Answer 58

the act of calming and emptying the mind

Question 59

What is a monastery?

Answer 59

A community of people devoted to religious life.

Question 60

What is nirvana?

Answer 60

In Buddhism, being completely free from suffering and worldly concerns

Question 61

What do Buddhists believe might happen after you die?

Answer 61

They believe in reincarnation – your soul can be reborn again and live another life to help you find enlightenment

Question 62

Why did Buddhism spread and become so popular?

Answer 62

Because many wealthy and influential people promoted it