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Socials 8 > Europe's Late Middle Ages part 1 > Flashcards

Europe's Late Middle Ages part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of people were nobles during the late Middle Ages?

A

10% were nobles

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2
Q

What were the majority of people?

A

The majority were serfs who lived in dreadful conditions.

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3
Q

When did serfs start to free themselves from poverty

A

When people started to trade, serfs began to get out of poverty

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4
Q

What three things shook the late Middle Ages?

A

The church had problems of heresies, the Black Death and peasants revolts killed many, and the Hundred Years war

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5
Q

What two inventions made plate armour useless?

A

Longbow and firearms could pierce armour

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6
Q

What was the code of honor a knight swore to?

A

Chivalry based on personal honor

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7
Q

What did a knight swear to do?

A

protect women and children, be honest, brave and generous, to help the church

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8
Q

Did chivalry extend to how peasants were treated.

A

No, mistreatment was so common that laws had to be passed to try to stop attacks on peasants

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9
Q

What was seen as the trade of a knight?

A

Fighting and war, jousting and hunting practiced for war

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10
Q

Being a good fighter gave a knight…

A

social status

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11
Q

How was a knight educated?

A

A knight was sent to another castle at the age of 7 or 8 to be educated.

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12
Q

What did the ladies teach the page?

A

The ladies taught the page knightly courtesy, literature and music

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13
Q

What did the knights teach the page?

A

The knights taught the page how to fight and use weapons

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14
Q

When was a knight accepted as a squire?

A

A boy had to be 14 or 15 to become a squire.

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15
Q

What was a squire?

A

A squire was a knight’s assistant, body guard, helper at tournaments, and fought with him in battle

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16
Q

Why might some squires never be knighted?

A

If you couldn’t afford the armour, you could not be a knight

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17
Q

At what age did you become a knight?

A

21

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18
Q

What was the knighting ceremony?

A

The squire kept a vigil over his armour all night in a chapel, and then in the am, had a bath, purified himself and was dubbed and dressed as a knight by his lord.

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19
Q

What was the hundred year war?

A

The hundred year war was a struggle between the monarchs and nobles of England and France.

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20
Q

How long did it last?

A

The hundred years war lasted from 1338 to 1453

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21
Q

Why was this not like a modern war?

A

There were frequent truces and battles did not happen in winter when the roads were bad

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22
Q

What did armies spend a lot of time doing?

A

The armies would burn houses, trample crops, raid farmer’s food stores, and then manoeuvring for position

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23
Q

Why did the 100 years war begin?

A

a fight over who should be king

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24
Q

What was important about King Henry V’s victory at Agincourt?

A

It was one of the last important English successes of the war.

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25
Q

What was the powerful weapon the French did not have?

A

The French did not have archers

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26
Q

Who were archers?

A

Archers were ordinary villagers skilled in using the longbow

27
Q

How strong was a long bow?

A

It could send an arrow through a knight’s leg covered in armour, through the horse, and through the knight’s leg on the other side.

28
Q

Why wouldn’t knights attack archers?

A

Because they did not want to attack people of ‘low birth’ !!!

29
Q

What did the French Knights do repeatedly?

A

They tried to ride past the archers to get to their social equals…the British knights, but they were slaughtered on their way past, then caught and held for ransom.

30
Q

What did the archer do to the knight system?

A

The archers made the knights obsolete as they needed archers for protection now.

31
Q

Who was Joan of Arc?

A

A 17 year old peasant girl who appeared at the French court saying she heard angel voices telling her to fight the British

32
Q

What is the dauphin?

A

The dauphin is the eldest son of the French king… the heir to the French thrown

33
Q

What did the dauphin do?

A

He gave Joan a plain suit of armour, a white banner and enough troops to battle the British.

34
Q

What did Joan have on her side?

A

She was an inspirational leader

35
Q

She beat the British, stood at the side of Charles VII when he was crowned, but when she was finally captured what happened?

A

Charles VII refused to pay her ransom and she was put to death (burned at the stake) as a witch

36
Q

What was a piece of evidence against Joan?

A

They thought she was evil because she wore men’s clothing; armour

37
Q

How did Joan’s death help Charles VII, even though he had abandoned her?

A

The French were rallied together after her death against the English, thinking of themselves as one nation now

38
Q

What was her lasting legacy?

A

Joan strengthened the king at the expense of the nobles, but it ended the fighting between nobles which led to the end of Feudalism in Europe

39
Q

What did people learn from the Crusades?

A

People learned that there were places around the world they could trade with

40
Q

What kinds of products did people want to get from foreign lands?

A

Spices, silk, tapestries, sugar were things to get overseas

41
Q

Where did traders first sell their goods?

A

at local markets or fairs held in towns and villages organized by the local lord

42
Q

Why did people like the local fairs?

A

the fairs were social events, people browzed not just bought.

43
Q

Why were fairs a way to escape serfdom?

A

People realized they could make things to sell at the market and earn money

44
Q

How did this change people?

A

Serfs began to focus on honing their skills to get good at making different items.

45
Q

How did towns rise out of country fairs?

A

Towns were a stable year round place to trade since fairs were only in the summer and could be far away

46
Q

What is a craft guild?

A

A craft guild was a group of specialized craftsmen such as tailors, bakers, tanners

47
Q

what did a guild control?

A

A guild controlled membership, set standards for quality, controlled prices, and kept out unskilled people so they could iliminate competition

48
Q

What was the benefit of belonging to a guild?

A

A guild took care of your family if you died or if you were sick they helped you out

49
Q

What was an apprenticeship?

A

an apprenticeship is a training period where you learn your craft, you had to do this to get membership into a guild

50
Q

What did an apprentice earn?

A

In exchange for being taught the craft and working, you were given room and board an a small allowance

51
Q

At what age did you become an apprentice?

A

Children 8 or 9 years old were sent to live with master craftsmen to learn their trade.

52
Q

After years of learning, what happened?

A

Apprentices would take a test to become a journeyman and then would be admitted to the guild.

53
Q

What did journeymen mean?

A

par journee… they could be paid by the day

54
Q

How did the journeyman become a master craftsman?

A

The journeyman had to create a masterpiece that was judged by the guild. If It was up to standard he could become a mater craftsman

55
Q

How did medieval towns compare to modern towns?

A

They were small, dirty and crowded.

56
Q

In 1300 how many people lived in London?

A

50000

57
Q

What was at the centre of a farming community?

A

A town was now at the center of each community

58
Q

What did towns grow around?

A

Towns tended to grow around the castle’s defensive areas or large monasteries

59
Q

Why did citizens build defensive walls around the towns?

A

They wanted to defend their towns from raids

60
Q

As the town grew what happened to the walls?

A

They made bigger and bigger circles of walls.

61
Q

How did people live in towns.

A

They were crowded together, houses were tall and over hung the streets, middle class and poor all were crowded together

62
Q

What were streets like?

A

Streets were narrow and winding with open sewers

63
Q

Why did people like towns?

A

They had more entertainment, pageants and plays, bear baiting and other blood sports.

Socials 8 (22 decks)

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