Socialisation

Question 1

Definition of Agents of socialisation

Answer 1

The institutions that socialise us

There are 6

Question 2

What the different agents of socialisation

Answer 2

Family, peers, education, workplace, religion and mass media

Question 3

What is Socialisation

Answer 3

It teaches us our norms and values

Question 4

What are norms

Answer 4

The behaviours which most people engage in

Question 5

What are values

Answer 5

The belief most people hold

Question 6

Primary socialisation

Answer 6

The first socialisation experiences

Family

Question 7

Secondary socialisation

Answer 7

Socialisation experiences from school age onwards

Peers, education, religion, workplace and mass media

Question 8

What did parsons believe

Answer 8

That the function of the family is to socialise the young

Question 9

What did Kidd say

Answer 9

That in the post modern world we cannot say what family is

Question 10

What did Williams find

Answer 10

That parents bought their children stereotypical toys based on their gender

Question 11

What did chapman find

Answer 11

That most parents give their children stereotypical chores to do

Question 12

What did Dennis and Erdos find

Answer 12

That fatherless children were less likely to be successfully socialised into the culture of discipline and compromise so are less likely to be successful parents

Question 13

How does the family socialise us

Answer 13

Role models - positive and negative sanctions

Affects identity - gender roles

Question 14

How do peer groups socialise us

Answer 14

Shared norms and values - role models, cultural comfort zones, peer pressure
Gender socialisation

Question 15

Swell case study (peer socialisation)

Answer 15

Used the concept of cultural comfort zones to describe how peer groups form around shared identities, we seek out people who we perceive as like us

Question 16

Shelton and Francis (peer socialisation)

Answer 16

Certain areas of the playground is where a social group. ‘ group areas ‘

Question 17

Bennett

Answer 17

Middle-aged punks still shared interests and had group cohesion from younger days

Question 18

McRobbie and Garber (peer socialisation- gender socialisation)
(Feminists -could cause imposition bias)

Answer 18

Bedroom culture of teenage girls. Content analysis of ‘jackie’ magazine interviews with girls who attend youth clubs
Jackie was very stereotypical

Question 19

Phoenix (peer socialisation)

Answer 19

Boys who work hard are seen as more feminine by peers

Question 20

Blackman (peer socialisation)
Who did he study
What type of study did he do
What kind of affect may occur by doing this type of study

Answer 20

He studied the new wave girls by joining in their activities he found they resisted masculine control and did not conform to the usual norms of femininity
Overt study - when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne effect - may modify their behaviour because they are being observed

Question 21

Overt study - when they …

Answer 21

know they are being studied

Question 22

Hawthorne effect - may modify their…

Answer 22

behaviour because they are being observed

Question 23

Covert study is when they …

Answer 23

Don’t know they are being studied

Question 24

How does the media socialise us

Answer 24

Representation of social groups
Creates a consumer culture
Media violence

Question 25

A contemporary example of media usage | South Korea

Answer 25

The government ruled that under 19s who buy smartphones must have a monitoring app

Question 26

How can media violence be portrayed

Answer 26

Copycat | Desensitisation

Question 27

How does religion act as an agent of socialisation

Answer 27

Rules and moral codes Figure authority Closely linked to gender socialisation

Question 28

Alpert believe religion serves 4 basic functions what are they

Answer 28

Discipline Authority Collective ceremonies Cohesion

Question 29

What is discipline (religious socialisation) | Moral rules and codes which ...

Answer 29

Create a commitment and an understanding of an individuals place in society

Question 30

Authority (religious socialisation) | When people follow a ‘god’ they submit ...

Answer 30

To a higher authority this teaches them about observing authority in society in general

Question 31

``` Collective ceremonies (religious socialisation) Common ... ```

Answer 31

Values are religious

Question 32

Cohesions (religious socialisation) | Reinforcing social...

Answer 32

Solidarity brings people together

Question 33

Weber - sects and cults are normally established by a

Answer 33

Charismatic leader

Question 34

Sects in particular have very...

Answer 34

Strict guidelines the followers have to abide by | Eg. Jehovah witnesses not allowed to get blood transfusions

Question 35

Holm and Bowler | In all major world religions women are usually ...

Answer 35

Subordinate Early form of feminism is nuns in the Catholic Church Muslim priority goes to men when the mosque is full

Question 36

Miller and Hoffman | Men are religious that women because men are more likely to be

Answer 36

Irresponsible and risk takers as not following a religion is seen as risk taking

Question 37

Secularisation- some sociologists believe religion ...

Answer 37

Is declining in importance in today’s society

Question 38

Bruce | Attendance at traditional...

Answer 38

Church services has been declining

Question 39

Modood 67% of middle easterns view religion as important compared to 5 % of white British population so Muslim Hindus and Sikhs May ....

Answer 39

Regard religion as having a very important influence on their norms and values Also it’s not happening all over as other ethnicities take religion seriously

Question 40

How does education socialise us | Through the ...

Answer 40

Formal curriculum | Hidden curriculum

Question 41

A study of formal curriculum | Hatcher said that the education system in the UK doesn’t

Answer 41

``` Encourage working class success, the experience of working and middle class children is very different It is more academic than vocational ```

Question 42

Study (formal curriculum)- Troya and Williams | Describe the curriculum in ...

Answer 42

British schools is ethnocentric because it gives priority to white culture and the English language

Question 43

Study (hidden curriculum) Willis | Conducted ‘learning to labour’ ...

Answer 43

``` He studied working class and found that didn’t really deem education as important due to their culture so they didn’t get any qualifications so were subjected to manual labour Can’t break out their class ```

Question 44

Mac and Gail | Indetifies a number ...

Answer 44

Of subcultures Eg macho lad Academic achievers etc

Question 45

Perspective of the Hidden Curriculum Bowles and Gints The education system brainwashes...

Answer 45

Children through the hidden curriculum into obedience and unquestioning attitude neeeded for work

Question 46

Study (Hidden curriculum)Rosenthal and Jacobsen - | They identified a number of spurters, they concluded that ...

Answer 46

The progress was due to the way they had been defined it resulted in a self fulfilling prophecy

Question 47

How does the workplace socialise us

Answer 47

Role models, imitation and pressure Identity formation (gender, ethnicity, class)

Question 48

``` A study (of role models imitation and pressure) Ward and Winstanley - Studied the process of how workers ‘came out’ in ```

Answer 48

Different types of organisation Fire and police station it was done through interpersonal chat - shows how organisations socialise us through their workforce into sharing their identity with their own

Question 49

Study (of role models imitation pressure) | Salaman - In order to achieve the maximum amount of profit employers need

Answer 49

To control their labour force to make them as productive as possible

Question 50

Study (of role models imitation and pressure) | Waddington - Used the concept of the ‘canteen culture’ to describe the set of norms and values that people who

Answer 50

Work in a particular organisation will be socialised to accept so that certain language behaviour and attitudes become the norm

Question 51

``` A study (of Identity formation - gender class ethnicity ) Modood - some workplaces are ethically diverse ```

Answer 51

But some are dominated by certain ethnic groups

Question 52

``` A study (of Identity formation - gender class ethnicity ) Mac and Gail - crisis of ```

Answer 52

Masculinity as women’s take on traditionally male jobs

Question 53

``` A study (of Identity formation - gender class ethnicity ) Song - many Chinese ```

Answer 53

Are employed in the catering industry

Question 54

``` A study (of Identity formation - gender class ethnicity ) Savage - woke is linked to class ```

Answer 54

Working class have more practical jobs, doctors are more likely to be from middle class

Question 55

What is Nature

Answer 55

Behaviour caused by biological factors eg. Genes

Question 56

What is nurture

Answer 56

Behaviour caused by environmental factors eg. Socialisation

Question 57

Formal social control

Answer 57

Written rules or codes of conduct normally associated with the formal events of socialisation

Question 58

Examples of formal social control

Answer 58

- School norms are so important they are formalised into laws - Deformation

Question 60

Formal control studies

Answer 60

Troyna and Williams (hidden curriculum) Holm and bowker (religion) Alpert (religion)

Question 61

Informal social control

Answer 61

Expectations without written rules normally associated with family peers and the media, they enforce norms

Question 62

An example of informal social control

Answer 62

Curfew | How you are expected to behave

Question 63

Agencies of informal social control

Answer 63

Family peers media religion education workplace

Question 64

Studies of informal social control

Answer 64

Skelton and Francis (peers) Savage(workplace - identity formation) Chapman (family)

Question 65

Formal agencies

Answer 65

Police, governments, courts | Religion, workplace, education