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Socialisation Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of Agents of socialisation

A

The institutions that socialise us

There are 6

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2
Q

What the different agents of socialisation

A

Family, peers, education, workplace, religion and mass media

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3
Q

What is Socialisation

A

It teaches us our norms and values

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4
Q

What are norms

A

The behaviours which most people engage in

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5
Q

What are values

A

The belief most people hold

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6
Q

Primary socialisation

A

The first socialisation experiences

Family

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7
Q

Secondary socialisation

A

Socialisation experiences from school age onwards

Peers, education, religion, workplace and mass media

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8
Q

What did parsons believe

A

That the function of the family is to socialise the young

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9
Q

What did Kidd say

A

That in the post modern world we cannot say what family is

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10
Q

What did Williams find

A

That parents bought their children stereotypical toys based on their gender

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11
Q

What did chapman find

A

That most parents give their children stereotypical chores to do

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12
Q

What did Dennis and Erdos find

A

That fatherless children were less likely to be successfully socialised into the culture of discipline and compromise so are less likely to be successful parents

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13
Q

How does the family socialise us

A

Role models - positive and negative sanctions

Affects identity - gender roles

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14
Q

How do peer groups socialise us

A

Shared norms and values - role models, cultural comfort zones, peer pressure
Gender socialisation

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15
Q

Swell case study (peer socialisation)

A

Used the concept of cultural comfort zones to describe how peer groups form around shared identities, we seek out people who we perceive as like us

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16
Q

Shelton and Francis (peer socialisation)

A

Certain areas of the playground is where a social group. ‘ group areas ‘

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17
Q

Bennett

A

Middle-aged punks still shared interests and had group cohesion from younger days

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18
Q

McRobbie and Garber (peer socialisation- gender socialisation)
(Feminists -could cause imposition bias)

A

Bedroom culture of teenage girls. Content analysis of ‘jackie’ magazine interviews with girls who attend youth clubs
Jackie was very stereotypical

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19
Q

Phoenix (peer socialisation)

A

Boys who work hard are seen as more feminine by peers

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20
Q

Blackman (peer socialisation)
Who did he study
What type of study did he do
What kind of affect may occur by doing this type of study

A

He studied the new wave girls by joining in their activities he found they resisted masculine control and did not conform to the usual norms of femininity
Overt study - when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne effect - may modify their behaviour because they are being observed

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21
Q

Overt study - when they …

A

know they are being studied

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22
Q

Hawthorne effect - may modify their…

A

behaviour because they are being observed

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23
Q

Covert study is when they …

A

Don’t know they are being studied

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24
Q

How does the media socialise us

A

Representation of social groups
Creates a consumer culture
Media violence

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25
Q

A contemporary example of media usage

South Korea

A

The government ruled that under 19s who buy smartphones must have a monitoring app

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26
Q

How can media violence be portrayed

A

Copycat

Desensitisation

27
Q

How does religion act as an agent of socialisation

A

Rules and moral codes
Figure authority
Closely linked to gender socialisation

28
Q

Alpert believe religion serves 4 basic functions what are they

A

Discipline
Authority
Collective ceremonies
Cohesion

29
Q

What is discipline (religious socialisation)

Moral rules and codes which …

A

Create a commitment and an understanding of an individuals place in society

30
Q

Authority (religious socialisation)

When people follow a ‘god’ they submit …

A

To a higher authority this teaches them about observing authority in society in general

31
Q 
Collective ceremonies (religious socialisation)
Common ...
A

Values are religious

32
Q

Cohesions (religious socialisation)

Reinforcing social…

A

Solidarity brings people together

33
Q

Weber - sects and cults are normally established by a

A

Charismatic leader

34
Q

Sects in particular have very…

A

Strict guidelines the followers have to abide by

Eg. Jehovah witnesses not allowed to get blood transfusions

35
Q

Holm and Bowler

In all major world religions women are usually …

A

Subordinate
Early form of feminism is nuns in the Catholic Church

Muslim priority goes to men when the mosque is full

36
Q

Miller and Hoffman

Men are religious that women because men are more likely to be

A

Irresponsible and risk takers as not following a religion is seen as risk taking

37
Q

Secularisation- some sociologists believe religion …

A

Is declining in importance in today’s society

38
Q

Bruce

Attendance at traditional…

A

Church services has been declining

39
Q

Modood
67% of middle easterns view religion as important compared to 5 % of white British population so Muslim Hindus and Sikhs May ….

A

Regard religion as having a very important influence on their norms and values
Also it’s not happening all over as other ethnicities take religion seriously

40
Q

How does education socialise us

Through the …

A

Formal curriculum

Hidden curriculum

41
Q

A study of formal curriculum

Hatcher said that the education system in the UK doesn’t

A 
Encourage working class success, the experience of working and middle class children is very different 
It is more academic than vocational
42
Q

Study (formal curriculum)- Troya and Williams

Describe the curriculum in …

A

British schools is ethnocentric because it gives priority to white culture and the English language

43
Q

Study (hidden curriculum) Willis

Conducted ‘learning to labour’ …

A 
He studied working class and found that didn’t really deem education as important due to their culture so they didn’t get any qualifications so were subjected to manual labour 
Can’t break out their class
44
Q

Mac and Gail

Indetifies a number …

A

Of subcultures
Eg macho lad
Academic achievers etc

45
Q

Perspective of the Hidden Curriculum
Bowles and Gints

The education system brainwashes…

A

Children through the hidden curriculum into obedience and unquestioning attitude neeeded for work

46
Q

Study (Hidden curriculum)Rosenthal and Jacobsen -

They identified a number of spurters, they concluded that …

A

The progress was due to the way they had been defined it resulted in a self fulfilling prophecy

47
Q

How does the workplace socialise us

A

Role models, imitation and pressure

Identity formation (gender, ethnicity, class)

48
Q 
A study (of role models imitation and pressure)
Ward and Winstanley - Studied the process of how workers ‘came out’ in
A

Different types of organisation
Fire and police station it was done through interpersonal chat - shows how organisations socialise us through their workforce into sharing their identity with their own

49
Q

Study (of role models imitation pressure)

Salaman - In order to achieve the maximum amount of profit employers need

A

To control their labour force to make them as productive as possible

50
Q

Study (of role models imitation and pressure)

Waddington - Used the concept of the ‘canteen culture’ to describe the set of norms and values that people who

A

Work in a particular organisation will be socialised to accept so that certain language behaviour and attitudes become the norm

51
Q 
A study (of Identity formation - gender class ethnicity ) 
Modood - some workplaces are ethically diverse
A

But some are dominated by certain ethnic groups

52
Q 
A study (of Identity formation - gender class ethnicity ) 
Mac and Gail - crisis of
A

Masculinity as women’s take on traditionally male jobs

53
Q 
A study (of Identity formation - gender class ethnicity ) 
Song - many Chinese
A

Are employed in the catering industry

54
Q 
A study (of Identity formation - gender class ethnicity ) 
Savage - woke is linked to class
A

Working class have more practical jobs, doctors are more likely to be from middle class

55
Q

What is Nature

A

Behaviour caused by biological factors eg. Genes

56
Q

What is nurture

A

Behaviour caused by environmental factors eg. Socialisation

57
Q

Formal social control

A

Written rules or codes of conduct normally associated with the formal events of socialisation

58
Q

Examples of formal social control

A
  • School norms are so important they are formalised into laws
  • Deformation
60
Q

Formal control studies

A

Troyna and Williams (hidden curriculum)
Holm and bowker (religion)
Alpert (religion)

61
Q

Informal social control

A

Expectations without written rules normally associated with family peers and the media, they enforce norms

62
Q

An example of informal social control

A

Curfew

How you are expected to behave

63
Q

Agencies of informal social control

A

Family peers media religion education workplace

64
Q

Studies of informal social control

A

Skelton and Francis (peers)
Savage(workplace - identity formation)
Chapman (family)

65
Q

Formal agencies

A

Police, governments, courts

Religion, workplace, education

Sociology (11 decks)

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