Social Thinking Flashcards
Interpersonal Attraction
what makes people like each other –> is influenced by multiple factors, including physical attractiveness, similarities, self-disclosure, reciprocity, and proximity
What increases physical attractiveness?
Symmetry and proportions close to the golden ratio (when a women’s waist is about 70% the size of her hips)
Self-diclosure
Includes sharing fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with empathy and nonjudgment
Reciprocal liking
We like people who we think like us
Proximity
Being physically close to someone
Attachment
An emotional bond to another person; usually refers to the bond between a child and a caregiver. There are 4 types
What are the 4 types of attachment
Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized
Secure attachment
Requires a consistent caregiver; the child will show strong preference for the caregiver. Child will be upset at departure of caregiver and will be comforted by the return of the caregiver
Ambivalent attachment
Occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectful; the child will become distressed when caregiver leaves and is ambivalent when he or she returns
Avoidant Attachment
Occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed, crying child; the child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers. Child shows little or no distress when caregiver leaves and little or no relief when caregiver returns
Disorganized attachment
Occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive; the child shows no clear pattern of behaviour in response to the caregiver’s absence or presence.
Social Support
The perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network
Emotional Support
Includes listening to, affirming, and empathizing with someone’s feelings
Esteem support
Affirms the qualities and skills of the person
Material support
Providing physical or monetary resources to aid a person
Informational support
Providing useful information to a person
Network support
Providing a sense of belonging to a person
Mating System
Describes the way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behaviour
Monogamy
Consists of exclusive mating relationships
Polygamy
Consists of one member of a sex having multiple exclusive relationships with members of the opposite sex
Promiscuity
Allows a member of one sex to mate with any member of the opposite sex without exclusivity
Mate choice/intersexual selection
The selection of a mate based on attraction and traits
Altruism
A form of helping behaviour in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some personal cost
Inclusive fitness
A measure of an organism’s success in the population –> based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and ability of offspring to support others
Social perception/social cognition
The way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment; contains a perceiver, a target, and the situation or social context of the scenario
Implicit personality theory
States that people make assumptions about how different types of people, their traits, and their behaviour are related
Primacy Effect
Refers to when first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions
Recency Effect
When the most recent information we have about an individual is most important in forming our impressions
Reliance on central traits
The tendency to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver
Halo Effect
Cognitive bias in which judgments of an individual’s character can be affected by the overall impression of the individual
Just-world Hypothesis
The tendency of individuals to believe that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people