Social Thinking Flashcards
The part of the brain responsible for associating stimuli & their corresponding rewards or punishments is the ?
Amygdala (tells us whether or not something is a threat)
The idea that we are more likely to respond with aggression whenever we feel negative emotions is based on what ?
Cognitive neoassociation model
What are the 4 different attachment styles ?
Secure: when a child has a consistent caregiver, they can go out & explore knowing there’s a secure base to return to
Avoidant: when the caregiver has little or no response to the distressed child
Ambivalent: when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to the distressed child (anxious-ambivalent attachment)
Disorganized: no clear pattern of behavior shown in child to caregivers’ absence or presence
How is the sensation of hunger controlled by the hypothalamus ?
Lateral: promotes hunger
Ventromedial: promotes fullness
The organization of a group’s sexual behavior is known as ?
Mating system
What are the 2 different forms of polygamy ?
polygyny: male have multiple relations w/ females
polyandry: female have multiple relations w/ males
A member of one sex mating w/ a member of the opposite sex is known as ?
Promiscuity
What are the 5 recognized mechanisms of mate choice ?
- Phenotypic benefits
- Sensory bias: development of trait to match pre-existing preference that exits in population
- Fisherian/runaway selection: when a trait that has no or negative effects on survival becomes exaggerated over time
- Indicator traits: traits that signify good health & well-being
- Genetic compatibility: complementary genetics
A form of helping behavior in which an individual seeks to benefit another at the expense of their own self is known as ?
Altruism
*Empathy-altruism hypothesis: an individual helps someone they feel empathy for, regardless of the cost
Decision making behavior is associated with which idea ?
Game theory
*Evolutionary stable strategy: prevents alternative strategies from arising in a population
What are 4 strategic alternatives to the Hawk-Dove game of pure competition?
- Altruism
- Cooperation
- Spite: donor & recipient negatively impacted
- Selfishness: donor benefits while recipient is negatively impacted
A measure of an organism’s success in a population is known as ?
Inclusive fitness :promotes the idea that altruism can benefit the fitness & success of a species
What is the difference between primacy vs recency effect ?
Primacy says 1st impressions are prominent, recency says most recent impressions are prominent
Organizing perceptions of others based on traits & personal characteristics of the target that are most relevant to the perceiver is known as ?
Reliance on central traits
The idea that people make assumptions on how people are & how those ideas relate is known as ?
Implicit personality theory
When one’s impression of an individual clouds their judgement, this effect is known as ?
Halo effect
The fact that individuals credit their own success to internal factors & blame their failures on external factors is based on ?
Self-serving (attributional) bias
- Self enhancement: need to maintain self-worth
- Self verification: people seek others who see them like they see themselves
How individuals infer the causes of others behaviors is referred to as ?
Attribution theory
Attributions that are related to the person whose behavior is being considered is referred to as ?
Dispositional (internal) attributions
Attributions that are related to features of the surroundings is known as ?
Situational (external) attributions
/What are the different cues used to understand a person’s behavior ?
Consistency cues: behavior over time
Consensus cues: how greatly behaviors differ from others
Distinctiveness cues: how similar behaviors are in different cases
The idea that we have the tendency to make dispositional attributions when judging the actions of others is known as ?
Fundamental attribution error
When individuals make judgements that are complex, but then substitute a simpler solution or heuristic, this is known as ?
Attribute substitution
Attitudes & impressions based on limited & superficial info about a person or group of individuals is referred to as ?
Stereotypes
- Paternalistic: inferior, dismissed, ignored
- Contemptuous: resentment, annoyance, anger
- Envious: jealousy, bitterness, distrust
- Admiration: positive feelings
Stereotypic expectations that create conditions that ultimately become reality is known as what ?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Concern associated w/ confirming negative stereotypes placed on one’s social group is known as ?
Stereotype threat
What is a common way that higher power individuals spread prejudice ?
Propaganda
What are the 3 essential social factors that influence prejudice ?
Power: ability of people to achieve goals despiste obstacle
Prestige: level of respect
Class: socioeconomic status
The practice of making judgements about other cultures based on one’s own cultural beliefs is known as ?
Ethnocentrism
The recognition that social groups & cultures should be studied on their own terms is known as ?
Cultural relativism
What is the difference between individual & institutional discrimination ?
Individual: one person
Institutional: an entire institution
How would you distinctively classify stereotypes, prejudice, & discrimination ?
S: cognitive
P: attitude, mood, feeling (affective)
D: behavior
