Social Structure and Demographics

Question 1

life course approach

Answer 1

how multiple aspects come together to make up your life

incorporate personal life, individual choices, and socioeconomic culture impact health and illness

Question 2

sick role

Answer 2

when someone is sick, they don’t have to follow the normal social roles
ex: not going into work while sick

Question 3

illness experience

Answer 3

incorporating your illness into your self-identity and daily routines

Question 4

patient autonomy

Answer 4

patients should have choice of their own healthcare

Question 5

religiosity

Answer 5

how religious you consider yourself

Question 6

church

Answer 6

large universal religious group that is divided into multiple coexisting denominations

Question 7

sects

Answer 7

groups of a church that have separated from main church to form a more pure religion

Question 8

fundamentalism

Answer 8

following strict religious codes

Question 9

secularizes

Answer 9

moving away from religion and more towards rational, scientific thinking

Question 10

modernization

Answer 10

religion importance decreases with increases industrialization

Question 11

McDonaldization

Answer 11

increased efficiency, quantity, standardization, and control at the cost of individualization, quality, and skilled workforce

Question 12

Malthusian theory

Answer 12

the growth of population will exceed food supply

Question 13

ethnography

Answer 13

studying people in their own environment

Question 14

content analysis

Answer 14

looking at texts and images in communication

Question 15

hidden curriculums

Answer 15

in the classroom there are things you are suppose to learn and there are things that you learn along the ride
ex: learning about social norms and attitudes in school while also learning about knowledge

Question 16

teacher expectancy

Answer 16

when a teacher expects less from a student, it will become a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 17

demographic transition

Answer 17

transition of a society from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

Question 18

demographic transition stage 1

Answer 18

preindustrial societies
death and birth rates are high
population growth is slow

Question 19

demographic transition stage 2

Answer 19

society industrializes

death rates drop as medicine and food become available and sanitation increases

Question 20

demographic transition stage 3

Answer 20

society urbanizes

birth rates decline as contraception becomes more available

Question 21

demographic transition stage 4

Answer 21

birth and death rates are low

population growth is slow

Question 22

demographic transition stage 5

Answer 22

hypothetically, low birth rates lead to decreased population

Question 23

vertical mobility

Answer 23

movement from one social level to one higher or lower by either changing jobs or marrying

Question 24

urbanization

Answer 24

movement from rural to cities

Question 25

social stratification

Answer 25

system of inequality in society where individuals are grouped in hierarchal social categories that have different access to resources, opportunities, and life outcomes

Question 26

caste system

Answer 26

individual social status is ascribed by birth

social groupings are rigid and social mobility is very difficult

Question 27

class system

Answer 27

individual social status is at least partially met through merit
social groupings are flexible, social mobility is possible

Question 28

material culture

Answer 28

physical items valued by society

ex: clothing, tools, computers

Question 29

symbolic culture

Answer 29

non-material aspects of a society used to communicate and covey meaning
ex: folklore, values, and laws

Question 30

cultural transmission

Answer 30

passing of information from older generations to younger generations
ex: learning to cook traditional meals

Question 31

cultural diffusion

Answer 31

spreading of culture from one group to another

ex: how US now celebrates cinco de mayo

Question 32

gentrification

Answer 32

renovation or redevelopment of lower income neighborhoods that occurs with influx of wealthier individuals to the area

means that lower income individuals are usually kicked out because can’t afford to live there anymore

Question 33

social epidemiology

Answer 33

focuses on how social factors influence health of an individual or population

includes structural factors: war, immigration, economy
social factors: neighborhoods, community, social networks
individual factors: genetics, behaviors, age, race/ethnicity

Question 34

Preventative checks

Answer 34

part of malthusian theory

things that decrease the birth rate (having fewer children)

Question 35

Positive checks

Answer 35

part of malthusian theory

increase the death rate, slowing population growth by shortening the average life span (epidemic that wipes out half the population)

Question 36

Malthusian catastrophes

Answer 36

dramatically reduce the population to a level that the available resources can easily sustain by slowing or stopping population growth entirely

ex: large-scale wars, the freaking COVID pandemic, widespread famine

Question 37

microsociology

Answer 37

focuses on how interpersonal interactions build and shape society

ex: might look at how the interactions between child and parent affect the child’s idea of self worth when they are older

Question 38

macrosociology

Answer 38

focuses on the broad, society-wide institutions (education, economics, and health care systems) and large-scale events that impact the lives of individuals

ex: how the college you go to will influence your way of thinking about politics