Social Interactions Flashcards
George Mead
only specific people in your life impact you during specific periods of time –> usually early in life
believes social interactions influence identity more than behavior
social behaviorism
developed by george mead
infants imitate individuals until they learn the social behaviors
act based on perceived point of view
will go from imitation –> role play –> generalization (game)
social interactions influence identity more than behavior
Me
developed by Mead
That is me in the society
how other’s perceive you and how you embody that role
I
developed by Mead
this is who I am
individual impulses, self is the subject
Charles Cooley
believed that every interaction you have with people impacts your life
socialization
developed by Cooley
people learn behavior and attitudes by interactions with people
looking glass self
developed by Cooley
we embody other people’s perception of ourselves but not only their opinions but what is deemed their opinion
ex: a teacher grading a paper harshly can be seen as dislike of the student but can be rephrased to see that the teacher wishes to push the student towards excellence
reaction formation
having repressed opinions surface in a contrasting way
ex: acting like you hate someone when you have a crush on them
regression
moving backwards; acting younger to avoid social responsibilities/unacceptable behaviors
ex: moving back in with parents to avoid responsibilities
Social network analysis
seeing at how communicable diseases are spread and mapping the connections between those interactions
Role strain
having competing expectations within the same role
ex: a student trying to maintain grades and club positions
Role conflict
having competing expectations between two roles
ex: being a parent and also being an employee
Role exit
leaving a role and transitioning into another role
ex: student moving into full time position working
dyad
2 people
1 social ties
intimate
group ceases to exist when someone leaves
triad
3 people
up to 3 social ties
more stable
group maintained even when someone leaves
tetrad
4 people
up to 6 social ties
least stable because usually break into groups of 2
larger groups
5+ members
many social ties
leads to groupthink and polarization
groupthink
occurs in large groups when people of similar opinions get together and all agree to avoid dissonance
group polarization
occurs in large groups
if everyone in the room has the same side of opinion, they will all become more polarized at the end of the meeting and make more extreme decisions
ex: put a group of conservative people in a room - they will talk themselves into being more conservative even if they were in the middle
social loafing
people will put in less work when they are in a group than when they are by themselves
denial
inability/refusal to recognize unacceptable behaviors or ideas
ex: refusing to accept that you are angry when you actually are
projection
attributing unacceptable thoughts/behaviors to someone/something else
ex: calling the sidewalk stupid after tripping
rationalization
making excuses for unacceptable thoughts/behaviors
ex: cheating was okay because the test was impossible
repression
blocking unacceptable thoughts/behaviors from your consciousness
ex: being unaware of a previous traumatic incident
displacement of emotion
taking out unacceptable behaviors on a safe target
ex: punching a pillow when you are frustrated
sublimation
transforming unacceptable behaviors/thoughts into acceptable thoughts/behaviors
ex: taking up boxing to channel anger
social capital
person’s network of people that can be converted into economic gain
the more people you know, the more social capital and the more social mobility
social mobility
movement of individuals, groups, or families between or within status categories in society
ex: getting promoted (which usually depends on your social capital)
consaguinal kinship
related by blood
biological parent, biological child
affinal kinship
based on marriage
spouse
fictive kinship
ties not related to blood or marriage
ex: adoptive children, godparents, fraternity brothers, close family friends
primary kinship
those that are within the nuclear family
mom, dad, children
secondary kinship
those that are one degree removed from the nuclear family
uncles, aunts, grandparents, cousins
tertiary kinship
those are are two degrees removed from the nuclear family
great uncles, second cousins, great aunts
normative social influence
conform in order to fit in/gain approval
usually occurs when individual identifies with the group
informational social influence
when you are uncertain about the decision or believe others opinions over your own
occurs when individual views members as experts
ego defense mechanism
unconscious way of dealing with anxiety that is caused by unacceptable behaviors like skipping meals because anorexic
several defense mechanisms, repression, denial, etc
preparatory phase
developed by george mead
infancy/toddler
imitation: often lacking understanding of words but still saying them
no concept of self
play stage
developed by george mead
preschool age
role taking: taking on role of specific other
ex: pretending to be a doctor or to get married
once separates themselves from others in terms of identity –> begin forming “I”
game stage
developed by george mead
school age
generalized other: understanding all roles and overarching rules
generate “me” by incorporating rules and values of society
homophily
tendency for people to choose relationships with other people who have similar attributes
individuals with similar traits are more likely to form social ties with one another
ex: I chose to be with Quinn because we are both intelligent people who enjoy music and science
definition of situation
people enter into social situations with clearly defined expectations for their own behavior and the behavior of others
help people understand the status and roles of everyone involved
ex: white coat = health professional = doctor
halo effect
attributional error that occurs when a physically attractive individual is also assumed to have other positive qualities (ex intelligence, kindness)
social facilitation effect
audience effect
when someone is watching when you do an easy task, you do it better
identity shift effect
individuals will change their behavior to conform to the norms of a group in order to gain acceptance and then incorporate the standards of the group into their identity
companionship support
gives people a sense of social belonging
sharing social activities
emotional support
actions people take to make us feel loved and cared for
bolsters our self-worth
non-tangible types of assistance
instrumental support
tangible help that others may provide to an individual
informational support
help that others may offer through provision of information
self-actualization
individual’s drive to realize their potential and develop inherent talent and capabilities
self-awareness
conscious experience of one’s own personality or individuality
self-concept
collection of beliefs of oneself
self-efficacy
belief one can control their life
self-esteem
attitude which influences moods and exerts a powerful effect on an individual’s personal and social behaviors
self-fulfilling prophecy
phenomenon where a person believes an event will occur and either consciously or subconsciously behaves in a way that will bring about the prediction
self-handicapping
process of developing behavioral reaction for anticipated failure and and responding in a way that will minimize personal responsibility for failure
self-serving bias
set of biases in which people take credit for successes and deny responsibilities for failures
differential association
deviance is learned through interactions with others engaging in deviance
ex: how people in band learn about “yooing” because people are doing it around them. It is not something that people normally do, but they learn this behavior through interacting with upper classmen
deviance
violating social norms
informal norms: cutting in line
formal norms: breaking the law
strain theory
individuals experience tension when there is a disconnect between goals and the available means for achieving those goals
Ex: a parent who is unable to feed their child because there is not enough food experiences strain. And then she will deviate from norms to achieve the goal of feeding her child
labeling theory
individuals are labeled as deviant, they will confirm the label by acting deviant
it is a cascading event. Begins with small deviant acts (hurting animals) and can escalate to murder as people being to internalize the deviant label
central route of persuasion vs peripheral route
using different methods if someone is interested in the message (central) vs when someone is not interested (peripheral)
ex: Me vs Liam when it comes to science things. Use a pretty girl as a spokesperson and Liam will become interested. I am already interested in science and won’t take as much convincing.
thomas theorum
your interpretation of the situation influences your reaction
ex: When Kenzie puts something in the chat - I see it as totally passive-aggressive so get upset but Dulcinea doesn’t interpret it that way and thinks what she is saying is nice
social control
certain set of rules that govern people so that we all live peacefully
informal control: unenforced social norms (ex: don’t tell a joke at a funeral)
formal control: stuff you can be prosecuted for (ex: vandalism)
peer pressure
you will follow in the path of your peers so that you fit in and are accepted by society
social cognitive theory
we learn how to behave based on observing others in society instead of trial and error
