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Psychology/Sociology - MCAT > Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Identity and Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Preconventional morality

A

Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning

age: pre-adolescence
1. obedience - concerned with getting in trouble
2. self interest - wanting to gain rewards and avoid punishment

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2
Q

Conventional morality

A

Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning

age: adolescence
3. Conformity - want to fit in with society
4. Law - want to maintain social order, don’t break laws

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3
Q

Postconventional morality

A

Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning

age: adulthood (if at all)
5. social contract - want to ensure the greater social good
6. universal human ethics - taking the whole picture and considering the ethics behind each decision

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4
Q

Id

A

Freud
instincts
sex, hunger, pleasures

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5
Q

ego

A

Freud

balance between id and superego - reality

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6
Q

superego

A

Freud
morality
want to ensure we are doing what is right

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7
Q

Erickson’s stage theory: infancy

A

age: 0-1
trust vs mistrust
ability to have faith in others

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8
Q

Erickson’s stage theory: early childhood

A

age: 1-3
autonomy vs shame/doubt
sense of self control and independence

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9
Q

Erickson’s stage theory: play age

A

age: 3-6
initiative vs guilt
finding their place/purpose

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10
Q

Erickson’s stage theory: school age

A

age: 6-12
industry vs inferiority
finding confidence and competence

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11
Q

Erickson’s stage theory: adolescence

A

age: 12-19
identity vs confusion
figuring out who you are

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12
Q

Erickson’s stage theory: early adulthood

A

age: 20-25
intimacy vs isolation
figuring out how to love and accept love

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13
Q

Erickson’s stage theory: middle adulthood

A

age: 26-64
generosity vs self absorbance
finding out whether their life has real meaning
concern for others and society

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14
Q

Erickson’s stage theory: old age

A

age: 65-death
integrity vs despair
upon reflection, may feel despair or success for their life

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15
Q

social identity

A

how one’s self concept is shaped by group membership

define individuals in comparison/relation to others

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16
Q

personal identity

A

how one’s self concept is shaped by more private or individual characteristics

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17
Q

illness experience

A

symbolic interactionist perspective that examines how individuals understand and cope with serious or chronic illnesses that impact daily life and self identity
can either:
illness work: make it a job to learn about the illness and get help
everyday work: other things not directly involved with managing illness but still impact one’s illness
biographical work: make sense of the illness for oneself and for others

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18
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

psycho-sexual

unresolved childhood conflict impairs adult personality

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19
Q

Erik Erickson

A

psycho-social
created the 8 stages of psycho-social development
unresolved crisis at any age impacts adult personalities

20
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

sociocultural cognitive

child’s cognitive development is based on social interactions

21
Q

Jean Piaget

A

cognitive
created the 4 universal stages of childhood cognitive development
based on age

22
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

moral
developed the six stages of lifespan moral development
most individuals don’t get page stages 3 or 4

23
Q

psychosexual/psychanalytic theory

A

developed by sigmus freud

go through 5 stages of sexual development. If conflict arises in one, this may result in psychological issues in the future

believes our personality is comprised on unconscious memories, emotions, and thoughts

also dreams reveal elements of our unconscious

24
Q

oral stage

A

part of Freud’s psychosexual theory
0-1 years
children put everything in their mouth

25
Q

anal stage

A

part of Freud’s psychosexual theory
2-3 years
potty training

26
Q

phallic stage

A

part of Freud’s psychosexual theory
3-6 years
Oedipus complex: boys attracted to mothers, daughters attracted to fathers

27
Q

latency stage

A

part of Freud’s psychosexual theory
6 years -> puberty
children mostly play with people of the same sex

28
Q

genital stage

A

part of Freud’s psychosexual theory
beyond puberty
attraction to opposite sex

29
Q

identity development theory

A

created by James Marcia

evaluated psychological progress of individuals based on level of commitment and degree of exploration

30
Q

identity diffusion

A

low commitment, low exploration

lacks direction, not explored options, no commitment

31
Q

identity foreclosure

A

high commitment, low exploration

accepted assigned identity (usually by authorities or parents) without contemplation or exploration

32
Q

identity moratorium

A

low commitment, high exploration

still trying to find career, no decision made

33
Q

identity achievement

A

high commitment, high exploration

have explored options and feel confident in who they are and what they want do

34
Q

learned helplessness

A

when you have learned that an unpleasant task or event is something that you cannot escape and so you give up on overcoming it

ex: constantly trying to lose weight but consistently failing and so you just give up and accept that you won’t lose the weight

35
Q

self-perception

A

looking at your behaviors and the reasons behind those behaviors and translating that to your attitude

ex: acting rude and degrading to a colleague you might realize that you don’t like that person

36
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

developed by Carl Rodgers

human nature is inherently good and that we have free will (behavior not determined by our past)

37
Q

Trait perspective

A

our personality is determined by the presence and absence of characteristics/traits

ex: I have the trait of being stubborn and that causes me to come off as a stubborn person. I also lack the trait of patience which is a double wammy

38
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

our personality is formed through various environmental and cognitive experiences

through observational learning, we are likely to mimic positive behaviors we observe in others

ex: seeing Taylor work out every day and look good, I want to mimic that so that I also look that good

39
Q

Biological perspective

A

part of our personality is predetermined by our genetic make-up

ex: Karina got her father’s temper and her mother’s stubbornness

40
Q

Behaviorist perspective

A

our personality comes from patterns of behavior that we learn according to our environment

ex: my family was always very supportive, and therefore I have learned to be a supportive person

41
Q

Trait vs state controversy

A

aka person-situation controversy

severity of someone’s reaction in any given situation is dictated by their traits (personality) or by the situation itself (state)

ex: when Quinn came out as Trans - I was okay with that because I have a supportive personality. Also the situation was very tame.

However, as supportive of I am with things, I was upset with the whole band thing which dictated state

42
Q

Trait

A

personality characteristics that are long lasting and within oneself

present consistently and do not depend on the situation

43
Q

state

A

personality characteristics that are unstable, short-term and subject to change according to the environment

44
Q

self concept

A

who am I?

I am a cis hetero white female. I am smart and talented. I love hiking and reading and dogs.

45
Q

self esteem

A

How you feel about yourself

46
Q

self efficacy

A

your confidence in succeeding

Psychology/Sociology - MCAT (12 decks)

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