Social structure and demographics Flashcards
What is Social structure?
system of people within a society organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships
What is Functionalism?
focuses on how each component of society and how they fit together
What is the difference between manifest and latent functions?
Manifest function is a deliberate action that serves to help the society
Latent function is unexpected, unintended, unrecognized positive consequences of manifest function
What is Conflict theory?
Based on Karl Marx, it focuses on how power differentials contribute to social order
What is Symbolic interactionism?
How individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, etc.
What is the difference between Rational choice theory and Exchange theory?
Rational choice theory focuses on decision-making in an individual and attempts to reduce this process to a careful consideration of benefits and harms to the individual. Exchange theory is rational choice theory but in a society.
What is social constructionism?
How society constructs concepts and principles, making social reality
What is Feminist theory?
attempts to explain social inequalities that exist on the basis of gender
What are the six major social institutions?
school, family, education, religion, government and economy, and healthcare and Medicine
What are the four key tenets of American medical ethics?
Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Justice, Respect for patient autonomy
What are Material culture and Symbolic culture?
Material culture is associated with artifacts and Symbolic culture is associated with ideas
What is the difference between value and belief?
value is what a person deems important in life
belief is something that person considers to be true
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
race: phenotypic
ethnicity: cultural, lingual , and values
What is symbolic ethnicity?
recognition of ethnic identity only on special occasions
ex. irish
What is Fertility rate?
children per woman per life time
What is birth rate?
children per 1000 people per year
What is mortality rate?
deaths per 1000 people per year
What is Migration rate?
Immigration rate - Emigration rate
What are pull factors vs push factors?
pull factors: positive factors that attract immigrants
push factors: negative factors that encourage immigrants to leave
How is US population changing over time?
becoming bigger, older, more diverse
What is the difference between demographic shift and demographic transition?
demographic shift: change in population make up over time
demographic transition: changes in birth and deaths in a country by industrialization
What happens to the mortality rate and birth rate during demographic transition?
Mortality rate drops before birth rate -> population grows at first while mortality rate is dropping, then plateaus as the birth rate decreases as well.
What are the two types of social movements?
Proactive and Reactive
Proactive: promote change
Reactive: resist change
