Social structure and demographics

Question 1

What is Social structure?

Answer 1

system of people within a society organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships

Question 2

What is Functionalism?

Answer 2

focuses on how each component of society and how they fit together

Question 3

What is the difference between manifest and latent functions?

Answer 3

Manifest function is a deliberate action that serves to help the society
Latent function is unexpected, unintended, unrecognized positive consequences of manifest function

Question 4

What is Conflict theory?

Answer 4

Based on Karl Marx, it focuses on how power differentials contribute to social order

Question 5

What is Symbolic interactionism?

Answer 5

How individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, etc.

Question 6

What is the difference between Rational choice theory and Exchange theory?

Answer 6

Rational choice theory focuses on decision-making in an individual and attempts to reduce this process to a careful consideration of benefits and harms to the individual. Exchange theory is rational choice theory but in a society.

Question 7

What is social constructionism?

Answer 7

How society constructs concepts and principles, making social reality

Question 8

What is Feminist theory?

Answer 8

attempts to explain social inequalities that exist on the basis of gender

Question 9

What are the six major social institutions?

Answer 9

school, family, education, religion, government and economy, and healthcare and Medicine

Question 10

What are the four key tenets of American medical ethics?

Answer 10

Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Justice, Respect for patient autonomy

Question 11

What are Material culture and Symbolic culture?

Answer 11

Material culture is associated with artifacts and Symbolic culture is associated with ideas

Question 12

What is the difference between value and belief?

Answer 12

value is what a person deems important in life

belief is something that person considers to be true

Question 13

What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

Answer 13

race: phenotypic
ethnicity: cultural, lingual , and values

Question 14

What is symbolic ethnicity?

Answer 14

recognition of ethnic identity only on special occasions

ex. irish

Question 15

What is Fertility rate?

Answer 15

children per woman per life time

Question 16

What is birth rate?

Answer 16

children per 1000 people per year

Question 17

What is mortality rate?

Answer 17

deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 18

What is Migration rate?

Answer 18

Immigration rate - Emigration rate

Question 19

What are pull factors vs push factors?

Answer 19

pull factors: positive factors that attract immigrants

push factors: negative factors that encourage immigrants to leave

Question 20

How is US population changing over time?

Answer 20

becoming bigger, older, more diverse

Question 21

What is the difference between demographic shift and demographic transition?

Answer 21

demographic shift: change in population make up over time

demographic transition: changes in birth and deaths in a country by industrialization

Question 22

What happens to the mortality rate and birth rate during demographic transition?

Answer 22

Mortality rate drops before birth rate -> population grows at first while mortality rate is dropping, then plateaus as the birth rate decreases as well.

Question 23

What are the two types of social movements?

Answer 23

Proactive and Reactive
Proactive: promote change
Reactive: resist change