psychological disorders Flashcards
What is Schizophrenia?
prototypical disorder with psychosis as a feature. It contains positive and negative symptoms.
What are positive and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?
positive symptoms: add something to behavior, cognition, or affect, and include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior.
Negative symptoms: loss of something from behavior, cognition, or affect, and include disturbance of affect and avolition.
What are the types of Delusions?
Delusions of reference: belief that everything is talking to him/her
Delusions of Persecution: belief that they are being harmed or watched
Delusions of Grandeur: belief that one holds awesome power/money/influence
What is thought broadcasting?
What is thought insertion?
thought broadcasting: one’s thought to the world
thought insertion: someone’s placing thoughts in my head
What are types of hallucination?
Auditory and Visual
What are Disorganized Thoughts? What are loosening of associations, word salad, and Neologism?
Words spoken with no structure/association.
All referring to mix of words with no associations.
Neologism: making new words
What are Disorganized Behaviors? What are Catatonia, Echolalia, Echopraxia?
Inability to do daily activities.
Catatonia: Certain motor behaviors that Schizos do
Echolalia: Repeat another’s words
Echopraxia: Repeat another’s actions
Define: Affect Blunting Flat affect Inappropriate affect Avolition
Affect: display of emotions
blunting: reduction of emotions
flat affect: no signs of emotion
inappropriate affect: emotion displayed is discordant with words spoken
avolition: decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-directed actions
What is Prodromal phase and when does it occur?
phase where one experiences changes in themselves but not clear-cut psychotic symptoms.
Beofre schizophrenia diagnosis
What is the difference between major depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder(SAD)?
Major depressive disorder refers to mood disorder with at least 1 major depressive episode.
Major depressive episode refers to 2 weeks of at least 5 symptoms: Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, and Suicide
Seasonal Affective Disorder: Major depressive episode seasonally during winter from abnormal melatonin metabolism
What is Persistent depressive disorder?
When one experiences Dysthymia(not too severe depression) or major depressive episodes for at least 2 years
What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorder?
What is Hypomania?
What is Cyclothymic disorder?
Manic episodes with or without MDEs
Hypomania with at least one MDE
Hypomania: not as bad as mania but still optimistic and energetic
Cyclothymic disorder: dysthymia and hypomania cycle
What are the features of Major depressive episode?
Manic episode?
MDE: SIG E CAPS Sleep Interest Guilt Energy Concentration Appetite Psychomotor Suicide
Mania: DIGFAST Distractible Insomnia Grandiosity Flight of ideas Agitation Speech Thoughtlessness
Define: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Specific phobias Social Anxiety disorder Agoraphobia Panic disorder
GAD: worrying x 6months
Specific phobias: irrational fears
Social anxiety disorder: social situation anxiety
Agoraphobia: fear of places or situation where hard to escape
Panic disorder: recurrent panic attacks
What are obsessions? compulsions? How are they related to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
Obsessions produce tension, Compulsions relieve tension -> repeat this will lead to significant impairment of life
What is PTSD? What is Acute stress disorder? What are: Intrusion symptoms Avoidance Symptoms Arousal Symptoms Negative-Cognitive Symptoms
after traumatic event, symptoms lasting for over 1 month.
Intrusion: recurrent reliving the event, like nightmares
Avoidance: avoiding people, place, and everything
Arousal: Irritability, reckless, startle easily
Negative-Cognitive: Amnesia, Negative mood and emotions
Acute stress disorder: symptoms that last more than 3 days but less than 1 month
What is Dissociative disorders? Define: Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative fugue Dissociative Identity disorder Depersonalization/Derealization disorder
Avoids stress by escaping from his identity
Amnesia: Inability to recall past experiences not by neurological disorder
Fugue: sudden moveaway from home, may involve new identity crisis
DID: Multiple personality disorder
Depersonalization: feels detached from body and mind or surroundings
What is Somatic Symptom disorder?
What is Illness Anxiety Disorder?
Conversion disorder?
One feels pain but may or may not be medically accompanied, and spends a lot of time on it
Panic about getting sick
Unexplained symptoms affecting Voluntary motor, sensory function, not medically accompanied
What is Personality disorder?
Inflexible, Maladaptive behavior patterns that affect cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or inpulse control
Is Personality disorder ego-syntonic or ego-dystonic?
ego-syntonic, meaning the individual perceives his/her behavior as correct.
How are the clusters of personality disorders organized and what does each cluster relate to?
A,B,C. A: Weird; Schizophrenic - Paranoid PD - Schizotypical PD - Schizoid PD
B: Wild; emotional
- Antisocial PD
- Borderline PD
- Histrionic PD
- Narcissitic PD
C: Worried; OCD
- Avoidant PD
- Dependent PD
- OC PD
Which hormone determines Schizophrenia?
excessive Dopanimergic transimission
Which Hormones are associated with Depression?
Associated with increased cortisol, decreased NE, Serotonin, and Dopamine
Which hormones are associated with Bipolar disorders?
High NE, serotonin; heritable
What can cause Alzheimer’s disease?
Decreased Acetylcholine neurotransmitter, Genetic factors, and Brain Atrophy
What can cause Parkinson’s disease?
Decreased production of Dopamine.
