Social Psychology 2 (5)

Question 1

A positive or negative reaction or any person, object, or idea

Answer 1

Attitude

Question 2

In order for a behavior change to last, an attitude must be changed. The process that attitudes are changed

Answer 2

Persuasion

Question 3

Richard Petty and John Cacioppo. Two ways of changing people’s attitudes. Central and Peripheral route.

Answer 3

Two-track model of Persuasion

Question 4

Influencing and changing another person’s attitude based on the strength of the argument made. Effective when people have the ability and the motivation to think critically about the content of the argument. This route of persuasion persists over time.

Answer 4

Central route of persuasion

Question 5

The audience is influenced by superficial cues of the speaker. Influenced by the physical appearance, slogans and emotions put onto the audience by the speaker. Effective when people do not have the ability or motivation to closely pay attention to the argument. This route of persuasion is fleeting over time.

Answer 5

Peripheral route of persuasion

Question 6

Over time, people come to believe in ideas that they’ve support through their behavior.

Answer 6

Attitudes can influence behavior and behavior can influence attitudes

Question 7

Tendency for people who agree to a small request to comply with a much larger request later on.

Answer 7

Foot in the door phenomenon

Question 8

Freedman and Fraser, researchers posed as safe driving volunteers, asked people to put a big sign in their yard. 17% of participants said yes. Their neighbors were asked to put a small sign in their yards, all said yes. Two weeks later, 76% of the ones who said yes to a small sign said yes to a big sign.

Answer 8

Foot in the door phenomenon

Question 9

When people adopt new roles, they strive to follow the social prescriptions of that role. At first, the behavior seems fake, but after playing the role repeatedly, the person becomes the role.

Answer 9

Role Playing

Question 10

Zimbardo Experiement. Prison: 1/2 are guards and 1/2 are prisoners. After a few days, they start acting like the roles to a point where it was psychologically damaging. Actions have a direct effect on our attitudes. When we do the dance of a role, that role becomes our reality.

Answer 10

Role Playing

Question 11

People often engage in attitude-descrepant behaviors, acting in ways that are contradictory to their attitudes. Mr. Mcd says he despises smoking, but he does anyways.

Answer 11

Self-persusasion

Question 12

Self-persuasion. Leon Festinger. We hold many cognitions, thoughts, and beliefs in our mind about ourselves and the world around us simultaneously. Multiple and varied thoughts can and do exist at once, and cognitions clash. When they do, we hold psychological tension called _____ that leads to changing our attitudes.

Answer 12

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 13

Festinger and Carlsmith. Participants rotate pegs and take string off pegs an put it back on for an hour, are given $1, $20, or aren’t asked to tell a lie to the next person. The people in the $1 group complied, the had insufficient justification for the $1 that they were given, so they changed their attitude towards the behavior.

Answer 13

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 14

Unjustified attitude toward a group and it’s members. Involves three components. Stereotypic beliefs, negative feelings, and predisposition to action.

Answer 14

Prejudice

Question 15

Prejudice. Generalized beliefs about a group of individuals. Tall people are _____. Black people are _____.

Answer 15

Stereotypic beliefs

Question 16

Prejudice. We harbor _____ toward the group and it’s members. Feelings of hostility, envy, and fear.

Answer 16

Negative feelings

Question 17

Prejudice. Discrimination against a group and it’s members. “I will treat a group of individuals differently because they are not like me.”

Answer 17

Predisposition to action

Question 18

Social roots of prejudice. Two groups of individuals differ in regard to the material resources that are available to them. The ones who “have” try to justify the way things are. I am wealthy, and white, he is poor and AA, AAs are lazy

Answer 18

Social inequality

Question 19

Social roots of prejudice. It is common to draw mental circles around those who are similar and dissimilar to oneself. We place ourselves an other like you in the “in” group, and place others that don’t look like us in the “out group”

Answer 19

Us vs them

Question 20

Emotional roots of prejudice. Prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

Answer 20

Scapegoat theory

Question 21

Cognitive roots of prejudice: people have a tendency to believe that the world is just, and people get what they deserve. If you are poor or uneducated, you are responsible for it.

Answer 21

Just-world phenomenon

Question 22

Physical or verbal behavior, intended to hurt or destroy. Reactively: out of hostility-if someone harms me, I’ll do the same to them, or Proactively, a calculated means to some end, intend to hurt.

Answer 22

Agression

Question 23

When our goal of pursuit is frustrated (the blocking of our attempt to achieve our goal), it may turn to anger, and the anger may turn to aggression. Baseball stats.

Answer 23

Frustration-agression principle

Question 24

Three factors contribute to liking another person: proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity.

Answer 24

Attraction

Question 25

Attraction. Being geographically and physically close to another is the most important factor to liking them. Mere exposure effect: repeated exposure to a stimuli produces liking of that stimuli. Pictures of yourself: you like the mirror image, your friends like the actual image.

Answer 25

Proximity

Question 26

Attraction. We link outward appearance/attractiveness and personality. People tend to like composite images rather than the actual images because we symmetry communicated fertility.

Answer 26

Physical Attractiveness

Question 27

Attraction. We are likely to before and fall in love with those who are similar to us on a variety of measures. Similar in attitudes, beliefs, interests, age, race, level of education, religion, intelligence, and economic status.

Answer 27

Similarity

Question 28

Romantic love. An intense positive absorption in another person.

Answer 28

Passionate love

Question 29

Love. A deep, affectionate attachment toward those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined.

Answer 29

Compassionate love

Question 30

An unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Came to be a concern for social psychologists after the murder of Kitty Genovese

Answer 30

Altruism

Question 31

In the presence of others, we are less likely to offer assistance to those in need. Diffusion of responsibility when there is group. When you are alone, 40% of people would help someone in need, but in a group of 5 people, only 20% would help.

Answer 31

Bystander effect

Question 32

First we notice the incident, then interpret it as an emergency, then we must assume responsibility. Altruism and helping are only likely to occur when these three factors are met.

Answer 32

Decision scheme for providing assistance.