Human Diversity (1)

Question 1

Root question of human diversity: are humans more alike or more different?

Answer 1

Similarity vs Distinctiveness

Question 2

Common biological heritage and behavioral tendencies. Biologically: two eyes, one mouth etc, behaviorally: walk upright, have language. Evidence for _____.

Answer 2

Evidence for Similarities (vs distinctiveness)

Question 3

Different appearances: skin color, height, psychological experience. More likely to attract attention. Psychologists and the public ten to focus on the evidence for _______.

Answer 3

Evidence for Distinctiveness (vs similarities)

Question 4

The study of the relative influence. Aims to determine the relative contribution our genes (hereditary) and environment (parental nutrition/ social experience) has on our behavior.

Answer 4

Behavior Genetics

Question 5

How scientists study behavior genetics.

Answer 5

Separate heredity from environmental influences

Question 6

Behavior geneticists keep home environment constant and vary the genetics, to measure ___.

Answer 6

The impact genes have on behavior. Adoptive situations

Question 7

Behavior geneticists keep heredity constant and change the home environment to measure _____.

Answer 7

The effect home environment has on behavior. Twins reared apart

Question 8

Anecdote: Identical twins reared together are most similar, but identical twins reared apart tend to be more similar than fraternal twins reared apart.

Answer 8

Jim twins, importance of genes.

Question 9

Identical genetic makeup, much more similar than F in neurosis, emotions, social behaviors, personality. If your ___ is divorced, your odds go up by 5% rather than 1.6% in f twins

Answer 9

Identical twins

Question 10

Genetic relatives - bio parents and sibs and

Environmental relatives - ado parents and sibs

Answer 10

Adoption creates two groups of individuals

Question 11

Adopted children are much more similar to their ____ parents on agreeability, personality, and behavior.

Answer 11

Biological

Question 12

Adopted children are much more similar to their ___ parents on attitudes, values, manners, faith, and political orientation.

Answer 12

Adopted

Question 13

A child’s ___ shapes their beliefs, attitudes, and values

Answer 13

Environment

Question 14

Gender Differences in sexuality: ___ are more likely to initiate sexual activity, perceive warm response as sexual come on, engage in causal sex. Sex is pleasurable, done for recreation, like less commitment

Answer 14

Men

Question 15

Gender differences in sexuality: ___ are more likely to view sex as part of a relationship, committed partner, emotional attachment, connect love and emotion are connected to sex.

Answer 15

Women

Question 16

Gender differences study: Clark and Hatfeild (1978)

Answer 16

Avg looking male and female research assistants approach attractive people of the opposite sex on campus and ask if they want to go to bed. 0% of women said yes, 75% of men said yes

Question 17

Gender differences in mating, by natural selection. __ prefer smooth skin, youthful shape, indications of health and fertility. Prefer peak fertility age

Answer 17

Men

Question 18

Gender differences in mating, by natural selection. _____ prefer a willingness to commit, ability to father offspring, mature, dominant, affluent, bold.

Answer 18

Women

Question 19

Genetic makeup, intelligence, size of vocabulary, level of happiness

Answer 19

Men and women are similar

Question 20

Physical differences in gender: ___ enter puberty two years earlier, live five years longer, carry more body fat, five inches shorter, prone to depression/anxiety/ED

Answer 20

Women

Question 21

Physical differences in gender: ___ have more body mass, more prone to alcoholism, successful suicide, more likely to be colorblind, diagnosed with autism, ADHD and antisocial personality

Answer 21

Men

Question 22

Social differences: ____ commit more agression, more socially dominant, ____ more interconnected and interdependent, have more empathy.

Answer 22

Men, Women

Question 23

Behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people.

Answer 23

Culture

Question 24

Benefits of ____: facilitates a species’ social and economic system by adaptive advantage: through ___ we have money, rules, and communication. Facilitates survival and adaptation

Answer 24

Culture

Question 25

Type of culture. “I achieve for myself.” “My freedom is very important.” You are defined by your personality traits

Answer 25

Individualist Culture

Question 26

Type of culture. Group goals, solidarity, value is based on drive for harmony, identity is defined by group memberships, people strive to maintain social connections and perform one’s role in society

Answer 26

Collectiveness Culture