Motivation and Work (2)

Question 1

The energization and direction of behavior.

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

Feel it within us, conceptualized s as a desire or drive, giving rise to our behavior

Answer 2

Inner state

Question 3

Behavior is directed by towards valued goals/outcomes

Answer 3

Direction/ Approach

Question 4

Behavior is directed away from punishment

Answer 4

Avoidance

Question 5

Theory of Motivation. 20th century. Human behavior is rooted in instincts, or fixed patterns of behavior, that are unlearned and universal within a species. William Mictugall

Answer 5

Instinct Theory

Question 6

Problems with _____ and _____: Long list of “instincts” so much that all repeated behaviors are considered instinctual. Based on tautological or circular reasoning, no explanation.

Answer 6

Instinct Theory and William Mictugall

Question 7

Theory of motivation. Developed after the fall of instinct theory. Four basically psychological drives: hunger, thirst, sex, avoidance of pain. Clark Hall

Answer 7

Drive Theory

Question 8

_____: Humans have four basic psychological drives. The point is to decrease bodily tension. Eventually becomes operative, it doesn’t feel good to be too hungry for too long. Motivates the organism.

Answer 8

Drive Theory. Clark Hall. huger, thirst, sex, and avoidance of pain.

Question 9

Limitation of the ___ Theory: provides no account on why we behave in ways that increase bodily tension, like rollercoasters.

Answer 9

Drive Theory

Question 10

Theory of motivation. Humans are motivated to achieve and maintain a state of optimal arousal.

Answer 10

Arousal Theory

Question 11

_____ theory explains why at times human seek out thrills and want bodily tension. People prefer behaviors a little outside of their current skills. We grow and expand due to optimal challenges.

Answer 11

Arousal Theory

Question 12

Theory of motivation. Stresses the importance of cognition and thoughts in motivation. Humans are pulled by incentives in the future. People are motivated when they expect to attain an outcome or value an outcome.

Answer 12

Incentive Theory

Question 13

The ____ theory explains how we are not completely controlled by drives, we have cognition and why behaviors we associate with positive and negative outcomes can be used as incentives.

Answer 13

Incentive Theory

Question 14

Pyramid. Our ultimate goal as humans is to achieve self actualization and self transcendence. All sets at the base of the pyramid must be fulfilled before

Answer 14

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 15

Hierarchy of Needs. Base of the pyramid. Basic needs, necessary for survival. Food, oxygen ect

Answer 15

Psychological needs

Question 16

Hierarchy of Needs. One up from the base of the pyramid. Steady work, financial security, home stability, predictable environment. One step above psychological needs, one below social needs.

Answer 16

Safety needs

Question 17

Hierarchy of needs. Two up from the base of the pyramid. Needs experienced in relation to others: affiliation, affection, belonging, love. Conseq: feel lonely, alienated, anxious. One step above safety, one below esteem.

Answer 17

Social needs

Question 18

Hierarchy of needs. Three up from the base of the pyramid. Seek out opportunities to develop a feeling of self worth: social status, recognition, power, authority. Conseq: feel inferior, incompetent, hard to be motivated. One step above social needs, one below self-actualization.

Answer 18

Esteem needs

Question 19

Hierarchy of needs. One step from the top of the pyramid. Ability to realize and live up to our full potential. Each of us has our own unique potentials. One step above esteem needs, and one step down from self transcendence

Answer 19

Self Actualization

Question 20

Hierarchy of Needs. Top of the pyramid. Need to find meaning/identify beyond oneself. It isn’t enough to realize our own potential, we need to help others realize theirs. Coaches, parents, teachers. One step above self actualization.

Answer 20

Self Transcendence

Question 21

_____. Biologically driven. Cannon and Washburn thought sensations of ___ were from the stomach. Balloon experiment.

Answer 21

Hunger

Question 22

People who have their stomaches removed still feel hungry, people with amnesia will continually eat.

Answer 22

Proof that hunger is psychological not simply hungry physical

Question 23

Hypothatlus is responsible for the regulation of hunger

Answer 23

Psychological influence

Question 24

Humans prefer sweet vs salty goods. Generic and universal

Answer 24

Taste preference

Question 25

____ cues in our environment are responsible for preferences. Association between hot dogs and baseball. ____ cues: we eat more in the company of others.

Answer 25

External, social