Social Psychology Flashcards
What is Social Psychology?
The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people
Difference between social psychology and sociology
Social psych is about individual as social being while sociology focuses on society as a large
Proponent of Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Proponent of Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky
What does Sociocultural Theory focus on?
interaction between developing people and the culture they live in
The theory which states that development occurs through interaction between a developing person and surrounding, interlocking contextual systems of influences, from microsystem to chronosystem.
Ecological Systems Theory
Proponent of Ecological Systems Theory
Uri Bronfrenbrenner
Need to Belong Theory
need for interpersonal connections
Why do we form groups?
- Need to Belong Theory
- Evolutionary Factors
- Social facilitation or disruption
One of the reasons why people form groups: Social groups as a means of survival
Evolutionary factors
What does social facilitation or disruption state?
Being in groups lightens tasks
Components of Social Psychology
- Social Cognition
- Social Influence
- Social Relations
What is social cognition?
select, interpret, remember and use social information
What is attitude?
positive or negative response
developed through experience
affects opinions before exposure
ABC Model
Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive
ABC Model: Affective
emotion; how it makes you feel
ABC Model: Behavioral
act; how behavior is influenced
ABC Model: Cognitive
belief; thoughts and beliefs
Attitude Formation
Direct Contact
Direct Instruction
Interactions with Others
Vicarious Learning
Changing Attitudes through _____
Persuasion
Factors that Affect Persuasion
Source
Message
Target Audience
Cognitive Dissonance
sense of discomfort from engaging in behavior inconsistent with personal cognitions
Social Identity
refers to way we define ourselves in terms of group memberships
Social Perception
involves impression of others and self through comparison
Social Influence
Behavior influenced by other people and groups, including social media
3 Parts of Social Influence
Conformity
Compliance
Obedience
Conformity
Change in behavior to fit in/approval; groups think
Group Think
impaired decision making and avoidance to maintain group harmony
Compliance
Change in behaviors in response to a request from another person
Types of Compliance
- Foot in the door
- Door in the face
- Low ball
- Thats not all
Foot in the door
asking for a small commitment after gaining compliance then a larger one
Door in the face
large comm –> refuse –> smaller comm
Low ball
commitment then raising cost
Thats not all
offer –> add extra to look better
Obedience
Changing behavior at the direct order of an authority
Milgram’s Experiment on Obedience
- Stanley Milgram
- impact of social influence on behavior
- autonomous and agentic social behavior states
Autonomous
people direct their actions and take responsibility
Agentic
people directed by others and pass responsibility; requires figure of authority and belief that responsibility will be passed
Group Polarization Effect
strengthen position because of group discussion
Task Performance affected by
social facilitation (positive influ)
social impairment (negative influ)
Social loafing
less prone to exert effort when in group due to diffusion of responsibility
Social relations
Relationships with other people affect our behavior
Intergroup Relations
How relationships of 2+ groups affect the behavior of individual members
Ethnocentrism
Tendency to favor one’s own ethnic group over other groups
Stereotype
Generalization about a group’s characteristic
Prejudice
Unjustified negative attitude
Discrimination
Unjustified negative or harmful action
Social interaction
contact with other people
Aggression
Negative interaction; physical/psychological harm to others
Prosocial Behavior
Positive interaction; socially desirable, benefits others; ex. altruism
Attraction
Liking other individuals; desire for a relationship
Causes of attraction
Proximity
Similarity
Reciprocity
Physical Beauty
Others
Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of Love 3 major elements
passion
intimacy
commitment
Liking
intimacy
romantic love
passion + intimacy
infatuation
passion
fatuous love
passion commitment
empty love
commitment
companionate
intimacy + commitment
consummate love
intimacy + passion+ commitment
