Biological Basis of Behavior Flashcards
A nerve cell specializing in communication
Neuron
What are the 6 parts of a neuron?
Cell body
Dendrite
Axon
Synapse and Synaptic Vessel
Glial Cells
Myelin Sheath
It is the space between connecting neurons.
synapse
The spherical sac containing neurotransmitters
synaptic vessel
What does the myelin sheath do?
It is an insulator of a neuron’s signal.
It helps conduct electricity to make speed of signal faster.
The part of the neuron that sends signals to neighboring cells
axon
The part of the neuron is the central region of the neural cell.`
cell body
The part of the neuron that produces protein and continually renews cell components
cell body
The part of the neuron that gives scaffolding for efficient neurotransmission.
Glial cells
The scaffolding involved with thought, memory, and immune system.
Astrocytes
Scaffolding that produces the myelin sheath
Oligodendrocytes
Part of the neuron that receives signals from neighboring cells
Dendrites
How do neurons respond?
By generating electrical activity
What is resting potential?
When a neuron is not stimulated or inhibited
What is absolute refractory potential?
Brief time another action potential is impossible; it limits maximal firing rate
Insulin is a type of neurotransmitter (T/F)
False
How is action potential triggered?
Electrical pulse
What are neurotransmitters?
- carries information between neurons
- sends chemical messages from brain to body, vv.
Neurotransmitter involved in stressful or exciting moment
Adrenaline
Neurotransmitter that enhances memory and learning
Glutamate
Neurotransmitter that is responsible for mood and temperature regulation
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter responsible for reduction of pain and increase of euphoria
Endorphins
Neurotransmitter responsible for rewarding experience
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter that calms
Gaba
Neurotransmitter involved in concentration
Nonadrenaline
Neurotransmitter involved with pain reduction, appetite and sleepiness
Anandamide
What is the interaction between the brain and the nervous system?
The nervous system relays messages from the brain
What are the 3 parts of the brain?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
What are the 7 parts of the forebrain?
Cerebral cortex
Four lobes
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Limbic System
Pituitary Gland
Basal Ganglia
Part of forebrain connected by corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
The cerebral consists of how many cerebral hemispheres
2
What are the four lobes?
Parietal
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
What part of the forebrain relays sensory information to cerebral cortex?
Thalamus
What part of the forebrain maintains constant internal state and regulates eating, sleeping and endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
What are the three parts of the limbic system and their roles?
Hippocampus - spatial memory
Amygdala - excitement, arousal and fear
Septum - anger and fear
What part of the forebrain is the master gland of the endocrine sytem?
Pituitary gland
Part of the forebrain crucial in motor system
Basal ganglia
Which of the four lobes is involved in the process of tactile sensory information?
Parietal
Which of the four lobes is involved with motor skills, higher level cognition and expressive language?
Frontal
Which of the four lobes is involved with visual stimulus and information?
Occipital
Which of the four lobes is involved with audio and memory processing?
Temporal
What is the part of the midbrain?
Reticular Activating System
What does the reticular activating system do?
It controls consciousness, attention, cardio functioning and movement.
What are the four parts of the hindbrain?
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
Brain stem
What does the Medulla Oblongata manage?
Regulation of breathing and heartbeats
What does Pons manage?
Dream trigger
information between cortex and cerebellum
consciousness
arousal
What does the Cerebellum manage?
Balance, coordination and muscle tone
What connects the brain and the spinal coord?
Brain stem
What is the Endocrine System?
A group of glands that secrete hormones that influence mood and behavior
What are the three glands under the ES?
Sexual Reproductive, Pituitary and Adrenal
What hormones are released by the pituitary gland and what is it responsible for?
Oxytocin - maternal and romantic love
What hormones are released by the adrenal gland and what is it responsible for?
Adrenaline - boosts energy production in muscle cells while restricting other parts
Cortisol - regulates blood pressure and cardiovascular function
What hormones are released by the sexual reproductive gland?
Testosterone and estrogen
