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PSYNTRO > Biological Basis of Behavior > Flashcards

Biological Basis of Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

A nerve cell specializing in communication

A

Neuron

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2
Q

What are the 6 parts of a neuron?

A

Cell body
Dendrite
Axon
Synapse and Synaptic Vessel
Glial Cells
Myelin Sheath

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3
Q

It is the space between connecting neurons.

A

synapse

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4
Q

The spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vessel

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5
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

It is an insulator of a neuron’s signal.
It helps conduct electricity to make speed of signal faster.

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6
Q

The part of the neuron that sends signals to neighboring cells

A

axon

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7
Q

The part of the neuron is the central region of the neural cell.`

A

cell body

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8
Q

The part of the neuron that produces protein and continually renews cell components

A

cell body

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9
Q

The part of the neuron that gives scaffolding for efficient neurotransmission.

A

Glial cells

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10
Q

The scaffolding involved with thought, memory, and immune system.

A

Astrocytes

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11
Q

Scaffolding that produces the myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

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12
Q

Part of the neuron that receives signals from neighboring cells

A

Dendrites

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13
Q

How do neurons respond?

A

By generating electrical activity

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14
Q

What is resting potential?

A

When a neuron is not stimulated or inhibited

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15
Q

What is absolute refractory potential?

A

Brief time another action potential is impossible; it limits maximal firing rate

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16
Q

Insulin is a type of neurotransmitter (T/F)

A

False

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17
Q

How is action potential triggered?

A

Electrical pulse

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18
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A
  1. carries information between neurons
  2. sends chemical messages from brain to body, vv.
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19
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in stressful or exciting moment

A

Adrenaline

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20
Q

Neurotransmitter that enhances memory and learning

A

Glutamate

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21
Q

Neurotransmitter that is responsible for mood and temperature regulation

A

Serotonin

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22
Q

Neurotransmitter responsible for reduction of pain and increase of euphoria

A

Endorphins

23
Q

Neurotransmitter responsible for rewarding experience

A

Dopamine

24
Q

Neurotransmitter that calms

A

Gaba

25
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in concentration

A

Nonadrenaline

26
Q

Neurotransmitter involved with pain reduction, appetite and sleepiness

A

Anandamide

27
Q

What is the interaction between the brain and the nervous system?

A

The nervous system relays messages from the brain

28
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

29
Q

What are the 7 parts of the forebrain?

A

Cerebral cortex
Four lobes
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Limbic System
Pituitary Gland
Basal Ganglia

30
Q

Part of forebrain connected by corpus callosum

A

cerebral cortex

31
Q

The cerebral consists of how many cerebral hemispheres

A

2

32
Q

What are the four lobes?

A

Parietal
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal

33
Q

What part of the forebrain relays sensory information to cerebral cortex?

A

Thalamus

34
Q

What part of the forebrain maintains constant internal state and regulates eating, sleeping and endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus

35
Q

What are the three parts of the limbic system and their roles?

A

Hippocampus - spatial memory
Amygdala - excitement, arousal and fear
Septum - anger and fear

36
Q

What part of the forebrain is the master gland of the endocrine sytem?

A

Pituitary gland

37
Q

Part of the forebrain crucial in motor system

A

Basal ganglia

38
Q

Which of the four lobes is involved in the process of tactile sensory information?

A

Parietal

39
Q

Which of the four lobes is involved with motor skills, higher level cognition and expressive language?

A

Frontal

40
Q

Which of the four lobes is involved with visual stimulus and information?

A

Occipital

41
Q

Which of the four lobes is involved with audio and memory processing?

A

Temporal

42
Q

What is the part of the midbrain?

A

Reticular Activating System

43
Q

What does the reticular activating system do?

A

It controls consciousness, attention, cardio functioning and movement.

44
Q

What are the four parts of the hindbrain?

A

Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
Brain stem

45
Q

What does the Medulla Oblongata manage?

A

Regulation of breathing and heartbeats

46
Q

What does Pons manage?

A

Dream trigger
information between cortex and cerebellum
consciousness
arousal

47
Q

What does the Cerebellum manage?

A

Balance, coordination and muscle tone

48
Q

What connects the brain and the spinal coord?

A

Brain stem

49
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

A group of glands that secrete hormones that influence mood and behavior

50
Q

What are the three glands under the ES?

A

Sexual Reproductive, Pituitary and Adrenal

51
Q

What hormones are released by the pituitary gland and what is it responsible for?

A

Oxytocin - maternal and romantic love

52
Q

What hormones are released by the adrenal gland and what is it responsible for?

A

Adrenaline - boosts energy production in muscle cells while restricting other parts
Cortisol - regulates blood pressure and cardiovascular function

53
Q

What hormones are released by the sexual reproductive gland?

A

Testosterone and estrogen

PSYNTRO (8 decks)

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