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PSYNTRO > Personality Psychology > Flashcards

Personality Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality psychology?

A

Relatively (subject to change) enduring predispositions (traits) that influence behavior across different situations

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2
Q

What is temperament?

A

Hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, moods, irritability and adaptability

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3
Q

What is personality trait?

A

stable qualities that a person shows in most situations

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4
Q

What is personality type?

A

people who have several traits in common

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5
Q

What is attitude?

A

Set of emotions, beliefs and behavior towards other people, events, places, etc

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6
Q

ABC Components of Attitude

A
  • Affective - how the object, person, issue, or event makes you feel
  • Behavioral - how attitude influences your behavior
  • Cognitive - your thoughts and beliefs about the subject
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7
Q

What is character?

A

Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated

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8
Q

2 Ways of Studying Behavior

A

Nomothetic and Idiographic

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9
Q

Nomothetic Approach

A
  • Identify general laws
  • Drive principles
  • Generalization
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10
Q

Idiographic Approach

A
  • Identify unique configuration of characteristics
  • Limited generalizability
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11
Q

State vs Trait

A

State: temporary
Trait: more stable and enduring

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12
Q

Causes of Personality

A
  1. Genetic factors (temperament)
  2. Shared environmental factors (experiences between family)
  3. Nonshared environmental factors (experiences that make individuals with a family different)
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13
Q

Carl Jung on introverts and extroverts

A

Introvert: attention inward
Extrovert: attention outward

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14
Q

Self-concept

A

your ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are

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15
Q

Self esteem

A

self-evaluation

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16
Q

Personality Theory

A

systems of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles proposed to explain personality

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17
Q

What are the personality theories (5)?

A
  1. Trait
  2. Psychoanalytic
  3. Behavioral
  4. Social Learning
  5. Humanistic
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18
Q

Proponents of Trait Theory

A

Gordon Allport, Costa and McRae

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19
Q

Trait Theory involves

A

Traits make up personality and how they relate to behavior;
Psychology of the Individual, Big 5 Theory and 16PF

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20
Q

Big 5 Theory

A

OCEAN
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

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21
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory involves…

A

Develop in stages (psychosexual stages of development); majority of personality formed before 7; levels of awareness, provinces of mind and defense mechanisms

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22
Q

Fixation

A

unresolved conflict or emotional hang-up caused by overindulgence or frustration

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23
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

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24
Q

Oral Stage

A
  • Birth to 1 year
  • sucking, swallowing, biting
  • Effects of fixation: concern on dependence and independence and pleasre from oral activites (eating, drinking)
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25
Q

Phallic Stage

A
  • 3-5/6 years
  • Touching penis or clitoris; Oedipus complex
  • Effects of Fixation: difficulty feeling closeness
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26
Q

Latency Period

A
  • 5/6-puberty
  • sexual interests suppressed
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27
Q

Genital Stage

A
  • puberty onward
  • sexual contact with other people
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28
Q

Levels of Awareness

A

Unconscious
Conscious
Preconscious

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29
Q

Unconscious

A

Repressed memories and emotions
ID’s instinctual drives

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30
Q

Conscious

A

Awareness at given moment

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31
Q

Preconscious

A

Material easily brought to awareness

32
Q

Provinces of mind

A

ID
EGO
SUPEREGO

33
Q

ID

A

Innate biological instincts
self serving, irrational
Pleasure principle (wish to be satisfied now)

34
Q

EGO

A

Partially conscious and unconscious
Directs ID energies
Reality Principle (rational)

35
Q

SUPEREGO

A

Judge or censor thoughts and actions of the ego
Moral Principle

35
Q

SUPEREGO

A

Judge or censor thoughts and actions of the ego
Moral Principle

36
Q

Neurotic anxiety caused by

A

ID impulses ego can barely control

37
Q

Moral anxiety caused by

A

Threats of punishment from superego

38
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Habitual and unconscious (in most cases) psychological processes designed to reduce anxiety

39
Q

5 Defense Mechanisms

A

Denial
Repression
Projection
Rationalization
Reaction Formation

40
Q

addict denies addiction due to the ability to function properly at work or home

A

Denial

41
Q

witnesses a crime but unable to remember

A

Repression

42
Q

someone who is cheating is under the impression that their partner is cheating on them

A

Projection

43
Q

stealing from a store and justifying the theft by saying “they make millions in profit so it does not matter”

A

Rationalization

44
Q

someone is romantically attracted to someone but adamantly claims they dislike that person

A

reaction formation

45
Q

Behavioral Theory

A

External environment and on effects of conditioning and learning

46
Q

Proponents of Behavioral Theory

A

BF Skinner, Pavlov, Dollar and Miller

47
Q

Behavioral Theory involves

A

External environment and on effects of conditioning and learning; Classical conditioning, behavioral analysis, Dollar and Miller’s theory

48
Q

Dollard and Miller’s Theory states

A

habits relfect personality

49
Q

Habits governed by (4)

A

Drive - stimulus
Cue -signals
Response - behavior
Reward - positive reinforcement

50
Q

Social Learning Theory involves

A

Attribute differences in perspectives of socialization, expectations, and mental processes; Social Learning Theory, SLT-Locus of Control

51
Q

Proponent of Social Learning Theory

A

Bandura and Rotter

52
Q

Social Learning Theory - Alburt Bandura

A

Emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling and imitation the behaviors, attitudes and emotional reactions of others

53
Q

SLT-Locus of Control - Julian Rotter

A

Learning principles ✕ cognition ✕ effects of social relationships

54
Q

Humanistic Theory involves

A

Private, subjective experience and personal growth: Human experience, Problems, Potentials and deals; Person Centered Theory, Hierarchy of Needs

55
Q

Person Centered Theory

A

Carl Rogers
Fully functioning person lives in harmony with deepest feelings and impulses
Involves self, self image, empathy
congruence
incongruence, ideal self, positive self regard and unconditional positive regard

56
Q

Self

A

flexible and changing perception of body and personality

57
Q

Self image

A

total subjective perception of body and personality

58
Q

Empathy

A

understanding sensitively and accurately one’s experience eand feelings in the here and now

59
Q

Congruence

A

real, open, integrated and authentic, internal and external experiences are one in the same

60
Q

Incongruence

A

exists when there is a discrepancy between ideal self, true self and self-image

61
Q

Self esteem occurs when

A

large difference between ideal self image and self image

62
Q

Anxiety and defensiveness occurs when

A

self image does not match true self

63
Q

Ideal self

A

idealized image of oneself

64
Q

Positive self regard

A

thinking of oneself as good, loveable and worthwhile

65
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

unshakeable love and approval

66
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A

Abraham Maslow
1. Self actualization - achieve full potential (self-fulfillment needs)
2. Esteem needs - prestige and feeling of accomplishment
3. Belongingness and love needs - intimate relationships
^psychological needs
4. Safety needs - security and safety
5. Physiological Needs - food, water, warmth, rest
^basic needs

67
Q

Goals of Personality Assessment

A

Describes current functioning: cognition, clinical, disturbance, daily functioning
Identify therapeutic needs (clinical)
Monitor treatment over time (clinical)
Prove skilled feedback (clinical | career)
Guide in making decisions (career | education)

68
Q

Types of Personality Assessments

A

Self Report Inventories
Projective Tests
Behavioral Reports

69
Q

Self Report Inventories

A

Paper-pencil / digital
questionnaires
widely used but debatable
MBTI, MPPI, NEO-PR

70
Q

Projective Tests

A

Ambiguous / unstructured stimuli
Rorschach Technique, TAT

71
Q

Behavioral Reports

A

Direct observation
Interview (structured and unsctructured)

72
Q

Adherence to Trait factor theory, social learning and humanistic perspectives to describe personality is what kind of approach?

A

Nomothetic

73
Q

As examples of what might be required as parts of specific ­projective tests, the _______________ asks clients to look at a ­picture and tell a story, while the ____________ asks clients to report everything they see in an ambiguous figure.

A

Thematic apperception test (TAT); Rorschach

74
Q

Problems with Freud theory

A

Psychoanalytic concepts like the unconscious, id, and ego are difficult to test.

75
Q

Abraham Maslow believed that in the hierarchic theory of motivation, you don’t have to go through all levels to reach self-actualization (T/F)

A

False

PSYNTRO (8 decks)

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