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Personality Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality psychology?

A

Relatively (subject to change) enduring predispositions (traits) that influence behavior across different situations

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2
Q

What is temperament?

A

Hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, moods, irritability and adaptability

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3
Q

What is personality trait?

A

stable qualities that a person shows in most situations

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4
Q

What is personality type?

A

people who have several traits in common

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5
Q

What is attitude?

A

Set of emotions, beliefs and behavior towards other people, events, places, etc

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6
Q

ABC Components of Attitude

A
  • Affective - how the object, person, issue, or event makes you feel
  • Behavioral - how attitude influences your behavior
  • Cognitive - your thoughts and beliefs about the subject
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7
Q

What is character?

A

Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated

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8
Q

2 Ways of Studying Behavior

A

Nomothetic and Idiographic

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9
Q

Nomothetic Approach

A
  • Identify general laws
  • Drive principles
  • Generalization
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10
Q

Idiographic Approach

A
  • Identify unique configuration of characteristics
  • Limited generalizability
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11
Q

State vs Trait

A

State: temporary
Trait: more stable and enduring

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12
Q

Causes of Personality

A
  1. Genetic factors (temperament)
  2. Shared environmental factors (experiences between family)
  3. Nonshared environmental factors (experiences that make individuals with a family different)
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13
Q

Carl Jung on introverts and extroverts

A

Introvert: attention inward
Extrovert: attention outward

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14
Q

Self-concept

A

your ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are

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15
Q

Self esteem

A

self-evaluation

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16
Q

Personality Theory

A

systems of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles proposed to explain personality

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17
Q

What are the personality theories (5)?

A
  1. Trait
  2. Psychoanalytic
  3. Behavioral
  4. Social Learning
  5. Humanistic
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18
Q

Proponents of Trait Theory

A

Gordon Allport, Costa and McRae

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19
Q

Trait Theory involves

A

Traits make up personality and how they relate to behavior;
Psychology of the Individual, Big 5 Theory and 16PF

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20
Q

Big 5 Theory

A

OCEAN
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

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21
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory involves…

A

Develop in stages (psychosexual stages of development); majority of personality formed before 7; levels of awareness, provinces of mind and defense mechanisms

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22
Q

Fixation

A

unresolved conflict or emotional hang-up caused by overindulgence or frustration

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23
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

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24
Q

Oral Stage

A
  • Birth to 1 year
  • sucking, swallowing, biting
  • Effects of fixation: concern on dependence and independence and pleasre from oral activites (eating, drinking)
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25
Phallic Stage
* 3-5/6 years * Touching penis or clitoris; Oedipus complex * Effects of Fixation: difficulty feeling closeness
26
Latency Period
* 5/6-puberty * sexual interests suppressed
27
Genital Stage
* puberty onward * sexual contact with other people
28
Levels of Awareness
Unconscious Conscious Preconscious
29
Unconscious
Repressed memories and emotions ID's instinctual drives
30
Conscious
Awareness at given moment
31
Preconscious
Material easily brought to awareness
32
Provinces of mind
ID EGO SUPEREGO
33
ID
Innate biological instincts self serving, irrational Pleasure principle (wish to be satisfied now)
34
EGO
Partially conscious and unconscious Directs ID energies Reality Principle (rational)
35
SUPEREGO
Judge or censor thoughts and actions of the ego Moral Principle
35
SUPEREGO
Judge or censor thoughts and actions of the ego Moral Principle
36
Neurotic anxiety caused by
ID impulses ego can barely control
37
Moral anxiety caused by
Threats of punishment from superego
38
Defense mechanisms
Habitual and unconscious (in most cases) psychological processes designed to reduce anxiety
39
5 Defense Mechanisms
Denial Repression Projection Rationalization Reaction Formation
40
addict denies addiction due to the ability to function properly at work or home
Denial
41
witnesses a crime but unable to remember
Repression
42
someone who is cheating is under the impression that their partner is cheating on them
Projection
43
stealing from a store and justifying the theft by saying “they make millions in profit so it does not matter”
Rationalization
44
someone is romantically attracted to someone but adamantly claims they dislike that person
reaction formation
45
Behavioral Theory
External environment and on effects of conditioning and learning
46
Proponents of Behavioral Theory
BF Skinner, Pavlov, Dollar and Miller
47
Behavioral Theory involves
External environment and on effects of conditioning and learning; Classical conditioning, behavioral analysis, Dollar and Miller's theory
48
Dollard and Miller's Theory states
habits relfect personality
49
Habits governed by (4)
Drive - stimulus Cue -signals Response - behavior Reward - positive reinforcement
50
Social Learning Theory involves
Attribute differences in perspectives of socialization, expectations, and mental processes; Social Learning Theory, SLT-Locus of Control
51
Proponent of Social Learning Theory
Bandura and Rotter
52
Social Learning Theory - Alburt Bandura
Emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling and imitation the behaviors, attitudes and emotional reactions of others
53
SLT-Locus of Control - Julian Rotter
Learning principles ✕ cognition ✕ effects of social relationships
54
Humanistic Theory involves
Private, subjective experience and personal growth: Human experience, Problems, Potentials and deals; Person Centered Theory, Hierarchy of Needs
55
Person Centered Theory
Carl Rogers Fully functioning person lives in harmony with deepest feelings and impulses Involves self, self image, empathy congruence incongruence, ideal self, positive self regard and unconditional positive regard
56
Self
flexible and changing perception of body and personality
57
Self image
total subjective perception of body and personality
58
Empathy
understanding sensitively and accurately one's experience eand feelings in the here and now
59
Congruence
real, open, integrated and authentic, internal and external experiences are one in the same
60
Incongruence
exists when there is a discrepancy between ideal self, true self and self-image
61
Self esteem occurs when
large difference between ideal self image and self image
62
Anxiety and defensiveness occurs when
self image does not match true self
63
Ideal self
idealized image of oneself
64
Positive self regard
thinking of oneself as good, loveable and worthwhile
65
Unconditional positive regard
unshakeable love and approval
66
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow 1. Self actualization - achieve full potential (self-fulfillment needs) 2. Esteem needs - prestige and feeling of accomplishment 3. Belongingness and love needs - intimate relationships ^psychological needs 4. Safety needs - security and safety 5. Physiological Needs - food, water, warmth, rest ^basic needs
67
Goals of Personality Assessment
Describes current functioning: cognition, clinical, disturbance, daily functioning Identify therapeutic needs (clinical) Monitor treatment over time (clinical) Prove skilled feedback (clinical | career) Guide in making decisions (career | education)
68
Types of Personality Assessments
Self Report Inventories Projective Tests Behavioral Reports
69
Self Report Inventories
Paper-pencil / digital questionnaires widely used but debatable MBTI, MPPI, NEO-PR
70
Projective Tests
Ambiguous / unstructured stimuli Rorschach Technique, TAT
71
Behavioral Reports
Direct observation Interview (structured and unsctructured)
72
Adherence to Trait factor theory, social learning and humanistic perspectives to describe personality is what kind of approach?
Nomothetic
73
As examples of what might be required as parts of specific ­projective tests, the _______________ asks clients to look at a ­picture and tell a story, while the ____________ asks clients to report everything they see in an ambiguous figure.
Thematic apperception test (TAT); Rorschach
74
Problems with Freud theory
Psychoanalytic concepts like the unconscious, id, and ego are difficult to test.
75
Abraham Maslow believed that in the hierarchic theory of motivation, you don’t have to go through all levels to reach self-actualization (T/F)
False

PSYNTRO (8 decks)

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