Social Psychology Flashcards
What is Social Psychology?
Thoughts
Feelings
Behaviours
Rules about appropriate behaviour in different situations. What does this describe?
Social Norms
Powerful but hard to articulate
Helps society function
sometimes neg consequences
What do the above 3 describe
Social Norms
What did Asch’s line judgment task demonstrate?
The power of conformity
What are 7 factors that affect conformity?
Ambiguity/uncertainty Unanimity/dissention Group size Identification with group Personality Culture Gender - depending on task
The more people to give help, the less chance of receiving help.
What is the above describing?
The bystander effect
Why does bystander effect happen?
Ambiguity/uncertainty
Conformity (to non helping)
Diffusion of responsibility
Exert less effort in group than alone. others pick up slack.
What does this describe?
Social loafing
Why does social loafing occur?
Less effort - same reward
larger group - less noticeable
What are 3 factors that reduce social loafing?
Liking the group
Group expresses disapproval
Culture
Change behaviour to meet demand of authority figure.
What does this describe?
Obedience
What 3 factors affect obedience?
- Experimenter’s status/prestige
- Others’ behaviour
- Personality characteristics (authoritarian, empathetic)
What 3 factors other others behaviour affects obedience?
- Peers stopped v completed experiment
- Experimenter contradicting each other
- Learner request stop V complain of pain
Critiques of Obediance research are concerned about what 2 factors?
- It’s social value
2. Harm to the participants
What are the 2 things that balance the ethics of Psychological research?
The quest for knowledge Vs Individual rights
The processes by which people make sense of themselves, others, social interactions and relationships.
What does this describe?
Social perception
What are 5 factors in social perception?
- first impressions
- Schemas
- Attribution
- Stereotypes
- Prejudice
What 6 factors contribute to first impressions?
- information
- what we infer
- Very quick
- Stable
- Self-fulfilling prophecies
- Halo effect
What are 4 Social Schemas that we may use?
- People (librarian, student)
- Situations (work movie party}
- Roles (student parent}
- Relationships (sibling couple)
What is Attribution?
Why someone behaved in the way they did
What are 3 factors as to why we make attributions?
- Understand behaviour
- Predict future behaviour
- Control situation
What are internal causes of attibution?
Personality characteristics
What are external causes of attribution?
Circumstances/situation
What is attibutional bias?
More likely to blame character if someone else behaves negatively
More likely to blame circumstance if yourself behaves negatively
What can self serving bias lead to?
Victim blaming
What are the 3 levels of stereotypes?
- Public - conscious & admit
- Private - conscious & won’t admit
- Implicit - unconscious
What are some typical implicit stereotypes?
Young - old Straight - gay Thin - obese Gender - science Gender - career
Belief about person’s characteristic on basis of their group membership
What does this describe?
Stereotypes
Attitude towards someone on basis of their group membership
Prejudice
Behaviour directed towards someone on basis of their group membership
Behaviour directed towards someone on basis of their group membership
Discrimination
What is the difference between Sterotype, prejudice and discrimination
Stereo - Belief
Prejudice - Attitude
Discrim - Behaviour
What 4 factors are involved in inter-group hostility
- Can happen in a short timeframe
- Tiny differences can be the basis
- Change in power can cause retaliation
- Performance (self-fulfilling prophecy)
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy
- Belief influences behaviour
- Our behaviour affects response
- Their response reinforces our belief
positive actions of the out-group are explained away while negative behaviours are attributed to internal causes.
What does this describe?
Attributional Biases
How do you reduce inter-group hostility
It required contact & co-operation among the group members
